摘要
建立水环境质量底线是提高区域水环境治理能力的重要途径,污染物总量控制是确立水环境质量底线的关键环节。基于动态水环境容量核算技术核算流域水环境容量,依据水环境承载力进行总量分配,确定污染物总量控制目标,并结合主体功能定位探讨差异化的空间管控措施。结果表明:①汉江中下游流域COD和NH3-N全年水环境容量分别为184430 t/a和38250 t/a。②从空间上看,汉江中下游流域各行政区可承载的人口经济总量和水环境容量呈相似分布规律,即下游重点开发区整体高于中游农产品主产区,高于上游重点生态功能区。③结合现状排污量,中游各区(县)水环境容量整体剩余较高而上游较低。④流域上游重点生态功能区丹江口市和重点开发区樊城区、襄州区、襄城区COD需削减的量分别为1540.3,7137.6,3953.5 t/a和7029.4 t/a,需进一步严守污染物总量控制底线约束;中游老河口市、宜城市、钟祥市和沙洋县等农产品主产区在继续保持农业发展的同时需注意保证生态不恶化;下游天门市、仙桃市等重点开发区的现状污染排放量已接近污染物总量控制限值,应结合环境容量,实行严格的污染物排放总量控制。
Establishing the baseline of water environmental quality is an important way to improve the regional water environment governance capacity,and controlling the total amount of pollutants is a key link in establishing the baseline of water environmental quality.Based on the dynamic water environmental capacity model,this paper calculated the water environmental capacity(WEC),allocated it according to the water environment carrying capacity,determined the total pollutant control targets and discussed the control measures combined with main function orientation.The results showed that the annual WEC of COD and NH3-N were 184430 t/a and 38250 t/a in middle-lower of Hanjiang River.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the total population and economic quantity and water environmental capacity of each administrative region in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River have similar distribution laws,namely the WEC in key development zones of the downstream were higher than those of the main agricultural product production areas in the middle reaches and higher than the key ecological function areas of the upstream.Combined with the current sewage discharges,the remaining allowable emissions were higher in the middle reaches and were lower in upstream.The amount of COD need to be reduced were 1540.3 t/a in key ecological functional area of Danjiangkou City,and 7137.6,3953.5 t/a and 7029.4 t/a in key developing areas of Fancheng,Xiangzhou and Xiangcheng respectively,indicating it was necessary to strictly adhere to the baseline constraint of total pollutant control in this area.The major agricultural production areas in middle reaches such as Laohekou,Yicheng,Zhongxiang,and Shayang should ensure that the ecology does not deteriorate while maintaining agricultural development.The current pollution discharge in key developing zones of the downstream such as Tianmen and Xiantao was close to the limits,strict total pollutant emission control should be implemented in combination with environmental capacity.
作者
申诗嘉
彭虹
夏函
陈肖敏
张万顺
SHEN Shijia;PENG Hong;XIA Han;CHEN Xiaomin;ZHANG Wanshun(School of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;China Development and Strategy Research Institute,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2020年第7期52-57,共6页
Yangtze River
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41877531)。
关键词
污染物总量控制
环境质量底线
主体功能区
水环境承载力
汉江中下游
pollutant total amount control
baseline of environmental quality
major function oriented zoning
water environment carrying capacity
middle-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River
