摘要
北极河流径流的变化会影响海冰热力过程和海洋温盐环流。基于全球降水气候学中心(GPCC)及俄罗斯水文气象部提供的1936-2017年间的气温、降水和径流数据,分析了北极勒拿河(Lena River)流域近80年来的气候和径流变化特征,并探究了气候变化对径流的影响。通过分析得出:研究期内勒拿河流域气温上升0.18℃·(10a)^-1,降水量增加率为4.7mm·(10a)^-1,径流增加399m3·s^-1·(10a)^-1。各个季节的径流均呈增加趋势,其中春季径流增加最为明显,冬季次之。春季径流的增加主要是由春季气温升高所致的积雪加速消融造成的,其次是春季降水的补给。夏、秋季径流增加的主要原因是降水的贡献,气温升高加剧蒸发反而使径流减少。冬季径流的增加,是由于气温升高导致冻土退化或活动层厚度增加,促进更多冻结水进入径流过程,致使径流增加。
The change of Arctic river runoff could affect the sea ice thermal process and ocean thermohaline circulation.Based on the temperature,precipitation and runoff data from 1936 to 2017 provided by Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC)and Russian Hydro-Meteorological Services,the variation characteristics of climate and runoff in the Lena River Basin of Arctic over the past 80 years were analyzed,and the impacts of climate change on runoff were explored.The results suggested that the air temperature,precipitation and runoff all showed an increasing trend,with rates of 0.18℃·(10 a)^-1,4.7 mm·(10 a)^-1 and 399 m^3·s^-1·(10 a)^-1,respectively.The runoff showed an upward trend in all seasons,especially in spring and winter.The increase of spring runoff was mainly caused by the acceleration of snow cover melting due to the higher temperature,followed by the replenishment of spring precipitation.The main reason for the increase of summer and autumn runoff was the contribution of increasing precipitation,higher temperature increased evaporation and reduced runoff.The increase of runoff in winter was due to the degradation of permafrost or thickening of the active layer as temperature rising,which promoted more frozen water to enter the runoff process,resulting in the increase of runoff.
作者
胡弟弟
康世昌
许民
HU Didi;KANG Shichang;XU Min(State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期216-223,共8页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目“北极冰冻圈变化与可持续发展”(QYZDY-SSW-DQC021)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA19070302)
基金委创新群体“冰冻圈与全球变化”(41721091)
国家自然科学基金(41971094)
冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主课题(SKLCS-ZZ-2020)
中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2019414)资助。
关键词
北极
勒拿河流域
气温变化
降水量变化
径流变化
Arctic
Lena River Basin
temperature change
precipitation change
runoff change
