摘要
传统阿拉伯语语法理论中,句型一般被分为名词句和动词句两大类。也有一些语法学家把时空句视为一种独立的句型。名词句、动词句和时空句的主要区别在于句中主位成分的支配者不同。名词句主位成分的支配者是起首结构,动词句的是动词,时空句的则是时空语或介词短语。在判断一个句子的类型时,除了支配者外,还需考虑句首成分的语法功能。只有在句中承担主语或谓语功能的句首成分才能作为确定句子类型的依据。在一些情况下,动词本身可以被视作包含了主语和谓语的动词句。
In traditional Arabic grammatical theory,sentence types are usually divided intoğumlat’ismiyyat andğumlat fi‘liyyat.A few grammarians also takeğumlat z·arfiyyat as a sentence type in its own right.The major difference amongğumlat’ismiyyat,ğumlat fi‘liyyat andğumlat z·arfiyyat lies in the fact that each sentence type has its own‘āmil for its subject,namely’ibtidā’,fi‘l and z·arf orğār wa mağrūr.Besides’āmil,the grammatical function of the first element of a sentence should also be taken into consideration when determining the sentence type it belongs to.Only when such elements are regarded as the subject or predicate of the sentence can they be based on in defining sentence types.Under certain circumstances,fi‘l can be seen as ağumlat fi‘liyyat that consists of a subject and a predicate.
出处
《阿拉伯研究论丛》
2019年第1期137-152,共16页
Arab Studies
关键词
句型
中世纪阿拉伯语语法理论
名词句
动词句
时空句
Sentence Types
Medieval Arabic Grammatical Theory
Ğumlat’Ismiyyat
Ğumlat Fi‘liyyat
Ğumlat Z·arfiyyat
