摘要
明代洪武末年创设的19座山东海疆卫所城市,大大改变了区域内城市群体的空间分布格局。从宏观尺度来看,海岸地理形态及海口布局、明初半岛东部的政区地理格局是影响城市选址的两大因素。就微观尺度而言,选址特征有二:城址多位于小型半岛、岬角之上,襟海以控制海湾,枕山以居高临下;在城市用水方面,卫城与所城存在优劣之别,卫城多优于所城。时至20世纪中期,19座卫所城市全部退出"城市"序列。对明代山东海疆卫所城市在区域城市发展史上的地位不宜估计过高,根本原因是当初选址的首要考量在于军事防守。明代以降山东沿海城市群体的兴衰隆替,体现出"军事生城"与"经济生城"两种不同的城市形成路径。
The 19 Wei-suo cities established in the early years of Hongwu greatly changed the spatial distributionof Shandong Peninsula cities.From the macro-scale,the geographical form of coast,distribution of seaportand geographical pattern of administrative district are the important factors affecting the location of cities.From the micro-scale,the location shows two characteristics.The first one,most of the cities are located atsmall peninsulas and headlands,close to both mountains and ocean.Secondly,in terms of water use,Weicities are superior to the Suo cities.By the middle of the 20 th century,19 cities were out of the urbansequence.The status of these cities in the urban development history of Shandong Peninsula should not beoverestimated.Since the Ming Dynasty,the rise and fall of Shandong coastal cities have reflected twodifferent ways of forming cities:military and economic.
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期146-158,215,共14页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
教育部人文社会科学基金项目“中国东部‘城镇密集区’的历史地理回归———基于山东半岛区域的考察”(10YJC770045)。
