摘要
南极臭氧洞的发现是大气和环境科学史上的一个里程碑,其意义不仅在科学层面,也对气候和环境政策的制定产生了重大影响.停止生产氟利昂之后,臭氧层有回升趋势,说明人类完全能够通过自身的努力保护我们的生存环境.
To celebrate its 150 anniversary,Nature collected 10 extraordinary papers published on Nature in November,2019.One of the papers is on the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole,which was published by three British scientists,Joe C.Farman,Brian G.Gardiner,and Jonathan D.Shanklin,in 1985.They first showed observational evidence that Antarctic stratospheric ozone experienced drastic decrease in the early 1980 s,by contrasting to the relative steady state in the 1970 s.They also suggested that the ozone hole is due to human-made chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs).Nature invited Susan Solomon,who made outstanding contributions to our understanding of the ozone hole,to comment on the paper.She pointed out that"The unexpected discovery of a hole in the atmospheric ozone layer over the Antarctic revolutionized science—and helped to establish one of the most successful global environmental policies of the twentieth century."The observational evidence by Farman et al.greatly confirmed earlier theoretical works by P.Cruzen,M.Molina,and F.Rowland who first emphasized in the 1970 s that anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides and CFCs would damage the ozone layer.Their observational confirmation led to the winning of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Cruzen,Molina,and Rowland in 1995.The discovery of the ozone hole also led to great international actions in reducing CFCs emissions and protecting the ozone layer,which is crucially important for screening solar ultraviolet radiation for surface life.A series of conventions has been organized by the United Nations,and the most successful one is the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.The Montreal Protocol and the succeeding amendments,adjustments,and decisions were subsequently negotiated to control the consumption and production of anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting substances(ODSs)and some hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs).Since then,ODSs emissions have been largely reduced and showed rapid decrease since the early 1990 s.The global ozone layer and the o
作者
胡永云
Yongyun Hu(Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第18期1797-1803,共7页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(1530423,41761144072)资助。
关键词
南极臭氧洞
环境科学史
臭氧层
氟利昂
生存环境
里程碑
Antarctic ozone hole
the ozone layer
stratosphere
chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)
climate change
