摘要
研究鱼类产卵栖息地适宜度的分布特征对河道生态保护具有重要意义。以长江上游中盘子弯曲河道为例,基于平面二维水流数值模拟资料,开展山区弯曲河道四大家鱼产卵栖息地适宜度的分布特征研究。结果表明:1)鱼类产卵栖息的最适宜区域将随流量而变,小流量时多居深槽,流量增大后多居边滩。2)微生境适宜性面积SA随流量Q呈"先增大后减小"的变化特征,SA峰值出现在多年平均流量附近。3)河道两岸流速适宜度SV相对较大,中部深泓水深适宜度SD和栖息地适宜指数SH相对较大;凹岸及凸岸的SD、SH之间均具有一定的相关性,SH随SD呈线性递增变化趋势。4)多年平均流量下,弯道沿程各断面的SD沿河宽分布呈"两端小、中间大"的特征,SV、SH沿河宽分布总体重合,数值差异主要体现在两岸附近;SH>0. 8的区域主要集中在河道两岸和凹岸边滩,该区域较适于鱼类产卵栖息。研究成果可为山区河道鱼类资源保护和生态航道工程建设提供科学参考。
The study on the distribution characteristics of fish spawning habitat suitability is of great significance for river ecological protection.Taking the Zhongpanzi bend which is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example and based on the 2-D numerical simulation data of planar water flow,we studied the distribution regularity of spawning habitat suitability of four major domestic fishes in the mountainous meandering river.The results show that the most suitable area for fish spawning will change with flow:when the flow is small,the most suitable area is in the deep groove;and with the increase of the flow,the area is mostly located in the side beach.Suitable area of micro-habitat S A increases first and then decreases with flow Q,and the peak value of S A appears near the annual average flow.The velocity suitability S V is relatively large on both sides of the river,while the deep suitability S D and the habitat suitability index S H are relatively large on the thalweg of the river.S D and S H on concave bank and convex bank are correlated,and S H increases linearly with S D.Under the multi-year average discharge,the distribution of S D along the river width is characterized by small at both ends and large in the middle.The distribution of S V and S H along the river width coincides with each other,and the numerical difference is mainly reflected in the vicinity of the two banks.The area of S H>0.8 mainly concentrates on both banks of the river and concave shore beaches,which is more suitable for fish spawning.The research results can provide scientific reference for the protection of fish resources and the construction of ecological waterway projects in mountainous rivers.
作者
钟亮
戴思遥
廖尚超
ZHONG Liang;DAI Si-yao;LIAO Shang-chao(National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)
出处
《水运工程》
北大核心
2020年第7期26-33,共8页
Port & Waterway Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51509026)
重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究项目(cstc2017jcyjAX0278)
湖南省交通科技项目(201830)。
关键词
山区弯曲河道
四大家鱼
产卵栖息地
适宜度指标
分布特征
mountainous meandering river
four major domestic fishes
spawning habitat
suitability index
distribution characteristics
