摘要
推进双边贸易的绿色转型是当前中国实现贸易高质量发展的重要目标,而水资源短缺问题成为制约我国进行生态文明建设的外部约束。虚拟水贸易倡导贸易国增加虚拟水的进口、降低虚拟水的出口,因此对提高水资源的利用效率具有重要的现实意义,然而现实情形中客观存在着的不同类别的贸易政策扭曲将会造成中国虚拟水贸易实际水平与理论前沿的偏离。基于此,本文通过构建异质性随机前沿模型,基于贸易政策扭曲的视角探讨造成中国双边虚拟水进口节水无效率的原因,在科学全面地测度当前中国贸易政策扭曲的实际水平的基础上,定量研究中国当前现有的贸易政策扭曲是否以及在何种程度上影响其双边虚拟水进口贸易的节水效率。研究结论显示:①中国双边虚拟水进口贸易量的实际值与前沿水平存在偏差,且贸易政策扭曲是产生上述现象的主要原因。②在贸易政策扭曲的作用下,中国双边虚拟水进口存在16.59%-31.17%的效率损失,中国优化自身水资源配置效率尚有较大提升空间。③与仅考虑关税贸易政策扭曲相比,非关税贸易政策扭曲使中国双边虚拟水进口节水效率损失有所上升。④中国双边虚拟水进口最有效率的贸易伙伴主要包括美国、澳大利亚和加拿大等自然资源较为丰富的国家,以及日本、韩国、中国台湾等与中国地理距离较近的国家和地区。这意味着,我国应当继续深化贸易自由化改革,构建更为科学有效的贸易政策保护体系,在结合虚拟水贸易自身的特征的基础上,适度调整关税贸易政策和非关税贸易政策保护水平和保护结构,从而使中国的水资源利用效率得到进一步优化。
Promoting the green transformation of bilateral trade is currently an important goal for China to achieve high-quality trade development,and the shortage of water resources has become an external constraint for the development of China's ecological civilization.Virtual water trade,which advocates that trading nations should increase the import of virtual water and reduce its export,has important practical significance for the improvement of the efficiency of water resource utilization.However,di^erent types of trade policy distortions tend to create a deviation of China's actual value of virtual water trade from the theoretical value.Based on the calculation of the distortions of China's current import trade policy,this paper quantitatively studies whether and how China's trade policy distortions^ect the water-saving efiiciency of its bilateral virtual water import by constructing a heterogeneous stochastic frontier model.The conclusions of the study show that:①The actual value of China's bilateral virtual water import is deviated from the frontier,and the distortions of trade policy is the main reason for the above phenomenon.②Under the influence of trade policy distortions,China's bilateral virtual water imports have an efilciency loss of 16.59%-31.17%,and China has much room for improvement in optimizing its water allocation efiiciency.③Compared with the distortions of tariff trade policy only,the distortions of non-tariff trade policy have increased the loss of water-saving efiiciency of China's bilateral virtual water import.④The most efficient trading partners of China's bilateral virtual water import mainly include countries with rich natural resources such as the United States,Australia and Canada,as well as countries and regions with close geographical distance to China such as Japan,South Korea and Taiwan.This means that China should continue to deepen its trade liberalization reforms and build a more scientific and effective trade policy protection system.By appropriately adjusting the protecti
作者
刘庆林
廉凯
段晓宇
LIU Qing-lin;LIAN Kai;DUAN Xiao-yu(School of Economics,Shandong University,Jinan Shandong 250100,China;Institute of International Economics,Shandong Academy of Social Sciences,Jinan Shandong 250002,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期156-165,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
教育部人文社科基金项目“基于贸易限制指数的我国贸易政策动态调整研究”(批准号:16YJA790030)。
关键词
贸易政策扭曲
虚拟水贸易
节水效率
trade policy distortions
virtual water trade
water-saving efilciency
