摘要
中国的环境治理模式历经了“政府单一管制”与“政府监管辅以公众参与”两个阶段,目前正走向“政府、企业、公众共治”的新阶段。在当下中国的环境治理实践中,已呈现出若干政府、企业、公众三者共治之端倪。中国学者普遍认为,构建环境多元共治体系的关键在于政府、企业、公众三类共治主体应当在明确各自职责分工的基础上展开合作,即在政府、企业、公众三者之间构建一个“配合与协作”机制。但本文认为:①政府、企业、公众三类共治主体自身均存在客观不足型和主观过当型两种原生缺陷,客观不足型原生缺陷包括政府的监管能力不足、企业的履责能力不足和公众的参与能力不足,主观过当型原生缺陷则包括政府的监管力度失范、企业的逐利本性难遏和公众的无序参与凸显。②政府、企业、公众三者的客观不足型原生缺陷可以通过“配合与协作”机制得以解决,但对于三者的主观过当型原生缺陷,“配合与协作”机制则显得相对无力,因而需要另行构建一个可以应对三者主观过当型原生缺陷的新机制。故本文建议:①未来中国应当在维持“配合与协作”机制的基础上,充分利用政府、企业、公众三类共治主体之间的制约关系,另而构建一个可以应对三者主观过当型原生缺陷的“限制与制衡”机制。②通过“配合与协作”机制与“限制与制衡”机制的双轨并行,规避三类共治主体的治理行为失范风险,确保中国环境多元共治体系稳定运行。
China’s environmental governance model has gone through two stages:‘single government regulation’and‘government supervision supplemented by public participation’.At present,this model is moving towards a new stage of‘government,enterprise and public multi-governance’.In the current practice of environmental governance in China,there have been some signs of multi-governance among the government,enterprises and the public.Chinese scholars generally believe that the key to building a multi-governance system of the environment lies in the cooperation among the government,enterprises and the public on the basis of a clear division of responsibilities,that is,to build a‘cooperation and collaboration’mechanism between the government,enterprises and the public.However,this paper holds that:①The government,enterprises and the public all have two kinds of original defects:the objective deficiency type and the subjective excessive type.The original defects of objective deficiency type include insufficient supervision ability of the government,insufficient performance ability of enterprises and insufficient participation ability of the public.The original defects of subjective excessive type include the abnormal supervision of the government,the profit seeking nature of enterprises and the disordered participation of the public.②The objective deficiency defects of the government,the enterprise and the public can be solved through the mechanism of‘cooperation and collaboration’,but the mechanism of‘cooperation and collaboration’is relatively weak for the subjective excessive defects of the three,so a new mechanism should be built to deal with the subjective excessive defects of the three.So this paper suggests that:①In the future,on the basis of maintaining the mechanism of‘cooperation and collaboration’,China should make full use of the restrictive relationship among the government,enterprises and the public,and build a mechanism of‘restriction and balance’that can deal with the subjec
作者
谌杨
CHEN Yang(Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215006,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期116-125,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
关键词
环境治理
多元共治
共治主体
原生缺陷
制衡机制
environmental governance
multi-governance
subjects of multi-governance
original defect
restriction and balance mechanism
