摘要
半坡彩陶盆纹饰由口沿纹饰和盆内主体纹饰构成一种天象图式。口沿画“四正四维”宇宙图式,四维“个”字纹与文献相符,四羊纹表示日出入四隅,人面纹源自“二子”相争的故事,演绎为“参商”不相见的星象。参星和商星在春分和秋分点附近,是日月宿舍,两舍中间是冬至点。当二分点位于地平时,冬至点下中天。因此夜半斗柄指东,商星出东方、参星入西方,就是岁首冬至。这是仰韶时代观象授时历历元的特征,西汉《太初历》曾以此历元为“上元”。
A type of astronomical depiction appears to have been formed by the decorative patterns on the rim and inside of the Banpo painted basin.On the rim of the basin is depicted‘si zheng si wei’eight directions in the universe.Four arrows were used to mark‘si wei’and matched those found in ancient documents.Other four lines signified the sun rising and sunset.Two human faces originated from the story of two sons fighting,and it was a narrative about two separate stars,named shen and shang.In the Vernal and Autumnal equinoxes,Shen and Shang stars were located with the sun and moon respectively and separated by the sun and moon.At midnight in the winter solstice,the shang star rose from the east and the shen star descended into the west.This marked the start of a new year.The decorative patterns on the Banpo painted basin seem to signify an ancient calendar that people used to identify the seasons from observing astronomical phenomena.The Taichu Calendar established in the Western Han Dynasty had Shangyuan that marked the winter solstice,a start of the new year.
出处
《文博》
北大核心
2020年第3期37-47,共11页
基金
国家社科基金冷门“绝学”专项(项目编号:2018VJX017)
郑州市政府资助项目《郑州地区仰韶时代的天文学遗存研究》(项目编号:SKHX2018385)成果。
关键词
半坡彩陶盆
天象图式
人面纹
岁首冬至
观象授时
Banpo Painted Pottery Basin
Astronomical Patterns
Human Face Image
Winter Solstice
Identifying the Seasons from Observing Astronomical Phenomena
