摘要
【目的】分析贵阳市不同树种的单位叶面积颗粒物吸滞量差异及其时空变化,以期为合理选择高效滞尘绿化树种提供依据。【方法】以14个常见园林树种为研究对象,以贵阳市城市广场、城市公园、城郊绿地和城郊森林4个不同污染背景地点为采样点。在每个采样点各个树种分别选择3株样树(除部分树种在某个采样点无分布外),定期在4个样点同步采集叶样。采用基于风蚀原理的气溶胶再悬浮方法,测定单位叶面积的颗粒物吸滞量(M)。采集叶片,电子扫描显微镜拍摄叶面显微结构影像,利用图像分析软件量化分析叶面气孔、表皮毛、叶面粗糙程度、蜡质覆盖程度等形态结构特征因子。利用通径分析方法分析叶面形态结构特征因子对叶面颗粒物吸滞量的影响程度。【结果】所测乔木和灌木2种生活型间的吸滞量无明显差异;树种间的叶面悬浮总颗粒物(TSP)吸滞量(MTSP)差异显著,各树种MTSP为1.56~11.14μg·cm-2,红花檵木最高,雪松较高,桂花、杜鹃、琴丝竹、女贞和白玉兰居中,香樟、红叶石楠、迎春花、樱花、杨梅、栾树和银杏较弱;通径分析表明,叶面粗糙度、表皮毛密度和长度对叶面TSP吸滞量的影响大于其他叶面微形态因子,具有较多和较长表皮毛且相对粗糙的叶面具有较大吸滞量;叶面吸滞的大颗粒(PM10~100)和粗颗粒(PM2.5~10)质量百分比(97.36%)高于背景空气(80.29%),这说明叶面趋向吸滞较大粒径颗粒物(PM10~100和PM2.5~10),而对细颗粒(PM1.0~2.5)和超细颗粒(PM1)吸滞能力较弱;多数树种冬、春季M值大于夏、秋季;同一树种M值表现为市区采样点高于郊区采样点;同在市区时,树木聚集生长的城市公园采样点高于树木散生的城市广场采样点,呈现出“集聚效应”。【结论】树种间的叶面TSP吸滞量差异显著;影响叶面TSP吸滞量的最主要形态结构因子是叶面粗糙度和表皮毛密度;叶面�
【Objective】The aim of this study is to quantify the particulate matters(PM)retained per unit leaf area by different tree species and its spatio-temporal variation in Guiyang City,in order to provide a scientific basis for the rational selection of landscaping tree species with higher capacity of retaining PMs.【Method】Fourteen commonly used landscaping tree species growing at 4 sites,urban square,urban park,suburban green area,and suburban forest,in Guiyang City each with different levels of pollution.Leaf samples were collected regularly from 3 trees of each species(some species are not present at certain sites)at the same time.The aerosol re-suspension method based on the wind erosion principle was applied to measure the retained PM quantity per unit leaf area(M).The micro-morphological and structural characteristics(stomata density,stoma size,stomata opening size,roughness,vein density,groove width,wax coverage index,epidermal hair length,epidermal hair density,etc.)of leaves were quantitatively analyzed using image analysis software.The influence of leaf morphology and structure characteristics on the leaf retained PM was analyzed by means of path analysis.【Result】It showed that the site means of MTSP of all studied tree species varied within a range of 1.56-11.14μg·cm-2,with non-significant difference between trees and shrubs,but a significant difference among tree species.The tree species of Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum showed the highest quantity of PM retention,followed by Cedrus deodara,Osmanthus fragrans,Rhododendron simsii,Bambusa multiplex,Ligustrum lucidum,and Magnolia denudata,while other tree species showed a weak capacity of PM retention.Among the structural morphological characteristics,the leaf surface roughness,the epidermal hair density,and epidermal hair length were the major factors affecting PM retention compared to other ones.Therefore,the leaves with higher epidermal hair density,bigger epidermal hair length,and rougher leaf surface presented a higher PM retention.The weig
作者
刘延惠
侯贻菊
舒德远
杨冰
崔迎春
丁访军
Liu Yanhui;Hou Yiju;Shu Deyuan;Yang Bing;Cui Yingchun;Ding Fangjun(Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550011)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期12-25,共14页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
贵州省科技支撑计划项目“城市绿化树种对PM2.5的吸滞效应及树种选择技术与示范应用”(黔科合SY字[2015]3021)
贵州省林业重大项目“森林对PM2.5的影响效应及机理研究”(林黔科合[2014]重大01号)
贵州省重大基础研究项目子项“喀斯特石漠化区植被生态系统恢复评价与生态服务功能评估”(黔科合JZ字[2014]200212)。
关键词
城市绿化树种
颗粒物吸滞量
叶面微形态结构
urban landscaping tree species
quantity of PM retention
micro structure of leaf morphology
