摘要
《民法典》成年监护制度明确了最有利于被监护人和尊重真实意愿,规定了撤销监护资格的相关内容,增加了临时照护,构建了以家庭监护为基础、社会监护为补充、国家监护为兜底的监护制度体系,意义重大。但仍存在以下问题:以剥夺行为能力作为设立前提,对被监护人的保护不周全;最有利于被监护人原则与尊重真实意愿含义不明、存在冲突,忽略了被监护人的残留意思;监护决定措施单一,无法满足被监护人多元需求等。借鉴国外立法,我国《民法典·婚姻家庭编》在未来修订时应增加成年监护分则,将行为能力制度与成年监护制度切断,并以尊重本人真实意愿为主,最佳利益为辅;建立监护替代决定措施与协助决定措施多元化并存的规范体系。
The adult guardianship system in China’s civil code has made clear“most conducive”and“respect the true will”,stipulated the relevant content of revoking the guardian qualification,added temporary care-taking,and constructed a system based on“family guardianship,supplemented by social guardianship,and supported by national guardianship”.It is a significant step,but there is still room to improve.The adult guardianship system is based on the premise of depriving the capacity of transactions,and the protection of the guardian is not comprehensive.It is unclear and conflict between the principle of“most conducive”and“respect the true will”,and ignores the residual thinking of the person under guardianship.The simple decision-making measures of the guardianship cannot meet the multiple needs of the person under guardianship.In the future revision of the marriage and family section of the Civil Code,we should add adult guardianship rules,revise the behavior ability system and adult guardianship system,give priority to respecting one’s true will and supplement with the best interests,and establish a normative system of multiple coexistence of guardianship substitute decision-making measures and supported decision-making measures.
作者
李霞
左君超
LI Xia;ZUO Junchao
出处
《中华女子学院学报》
2020年第4期5-13,共9页
Journal of China Women＇s University
基金
2017年度国家社科基金项目“老年人意定监护制度研究”(项目编号:17BFX211)
2016年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“民法典·老龄监护措施替代机制研究”(项目编号:16SFB2032)的阶段性成果。
关键词
《民法典·婚姻家庭编》
成年监护
替代决定
协助决定
Marriage and Family Section of Civil Code
adult guardianship
substitute decision-making
supported decision-making
