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直流空气电弧作用下触头烧蚀特性 被引量:13

Contact Erosion Characteristics Under Direct Current Air Arc
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摘要 触头烧蚀会影响低压断路器的使用寿命和可靠性,研究触头烧蚀特性对于低压断路器的研制具有重要意义。为此建立了直流空气电弧作用下的触头烧蚀模型,考虑蒸发和喷溅两种烧蚀机制。针对触头熔池的传热和流动现象,建立了熔池的二维磁流体动力学模型,并结合熔化凝固模型模拟触头熔化相变过程。在熔池模型的基础上,建立蒸发和喷溅烧蚀模型。基于Langmuir方程和气体动力学理论建立蒸发模型,综合考虑沸点以下蒸发过程和沸点以上蒸发过程,分析蒸发通量与熔池表面温度的关系。基于概率统计理论建立喷溅烧蚀模型,得到材料的喷溅烧蚀质量。此外,定量分析触头材料、电流、触头尺寸和触头形状4种因素对触头烧蚀特性的影响,以期得到降低触头烧蚀的方法。研究结果表明:电流低于20 A时以蒸发烧蚀为主,电流高于200 A时以喷溅烧蚀为主;在保证触头尺寸大于熔池尺寸的前提下,减小圆柱形触头的半径,可降低触头材料烧蚀,但触头尺寸对触头烧蚀的影响很微弱;同等条件下半球形触头烧蚀质量最大,其次是圆台形,圆柱形触头烧蚀质量最小。 The erosion of contact material plays a crucial role in the reliability and life of low-voltage circuit breaker.Therefore,it is important to develop an erosion model.In this paper,the contact erosion model including both vaporization and sputter erosion is established to determine the mass loss under direct current air arc.A two-dimensional magnetic hydrodynamics(MHD)for molten pool is combined with the solidification and melting model to calculate the melting phase change process.Moreover,the vaporization erosion model and sputter erosion model are established on the basis of molten pool model.The vaporization erosion model is based on the Langmuir formula and the gas dynamics.The relations between vaporization flux and surface temperature of molten pool is analyzed.The sputter erosion model is built based on statistical methods and the mass loss of sputter erosion is obtained.In addition,the influences of material property,current,the size and shape of contact on the contact erosion are studied so as to obtain an effective way to reduce contact erosion.The results show that the evaporation erosion is dominated when the current is lower than 20 A.The sputter erosion plays the major role when the current is higher than 200 A.On the premise of ensuring that the contact size is greater than the size of the molten pool,reducing the radius of cylindrical contact can reduce erosion,but the effect is minimal.Under the same conditions,the erosion mass of the domed contact is the greatest.The erosion mass of the cone-like contact comes next and the erosion mass of the cylindrical contact is the least.
作者 李兴文 吕启深 田甜 吴艺红 唐峰 LI Xingwen;LüQishen;TIAN Tian;WU Yihong;TANG Feng(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518020,China)
出处 《高电压技术》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2020年第6期1970-1977,共8页 High Voltage Engineering
基金 深圳供电局有限公司项目(SZKJXM20170480) 陕西省自然科学基金重大项目(2017ZDJC-16)。
关键词 直流空气电弧 蒸发 烧蚀 喷溅烧蚀 熔池 低压断路器 direct current air arc vaporization erosion sputter erosion molten pool low-voltage circuit breaker
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