摘要
土遗址是指以土为主要材料的具有历史、文化和科学价值的一类古代文化遗产。作为一种多孔材料,由于长期受环境的负面影响,绝大多数的土遗址存在不同程度的病害。其中,盐是直接或间接导致病害的主要因素之一。在以往研究的基础上,从土遗址中盐的来源与种类、盐的状态、水盐运移机理、盐害作用机理、盐害抑制研究几个方面进行梳理与探讨。盐分反复溶解结晶的相变、水合及其他物理化学变化是使得材料劣化的关键因素。目前常用的脱盐法、转化法、抑制剂法都不能有效控制盐害的发生。向土体施加具有一定控水效能的功能材料,进而使土遗址中水盐稳定化才是解决盐害问题的正确思路。
Earthen sites refer to a specific kind of ancient cultural heritage with historical,cultural and scientific value.Because soil is a porous material,most earthen sites suffer from varying degrees of decomposition due to long-term environmental effects.Salt is one of the main factors that directly or indirectly leads to such decomposition.On the basis of previous studies,this paper summarizes and discusses the following aspects of salt damage at earthen sites:the sources and types of salt common in soil sites;the different states of salt found at various sites;the mechanism of water and salt transport the leads to decomposition;the chemical process that leads to salt damage,and current findings about how salt damage can be controlled.This paper considers that the repeated dissolving and crystallization,as well as hydration,of salt in earthen sites are the critical physiochemical factors in the erosion mechanism underlying salt damage.Furthermore,the methods of desalination,reforming of earthen sites,and general inhibition and control of salt damage currently used cannot effectively control long-term deterioration.Instead,the levels of salt in the soil of earthen sites should be stabilized by adding some water controlling materials on the surface of the soil.
作者
张良帅
陈家昌
贺思予
ZHANG Liangshuai;CHEN Jiachang;HE Siyu(Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001;Henan institute of cultural relics and archaeology,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000;Key scientific research base of state administration of cultural heritage for urban archaeology and conservation,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000)
出处
《敦煌研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期129-136,共8页
Dunhuang Research
基金
城市考古与保护国家文物局重点科研基地课题《潮湿考古遗址防风化加固保护研究》(HNCAC2018003)
河南省重点科技攻关项目《丙烯酸盐-二氧化硅复合粒子在土遗址加固保护中的应用研究》(072102360010)。
关键词
土遗址
盐害
侵蚀机理
抑制
earthen sites
salt damage
erosion mechanism
damage control
