摘要
城市高楼林立,人口密集是导致建筑物抛物、坠物侵害愈加严重的社会外因,而受害人只能在《侵权责任法》框架下寻求赔偿救济是导致这一"高空顽疾"久治不愈的制度内因①。司法实践中,基于公共利益考量形成的《侵权责任法》第87条,即建筑物使用人按份补偿责任,并未实现对受害人的及时和充分救济,亦未最大化实现预防和惩戒的制度功能,反而造成新的道德风险和社会纠纷。救济方式上,侵权责任承担并非是对受害人救济的唯一途径。基于侵权法的归责原则和责任分摊机制,构建建筑物抛物、坠物侵权责任强制保险,能够兼顾可能加害人的行为自由和受害人的权利救济,提升社会风险防控效率,在制度上改变侵权法独木难支的僵局。
Tall buildings and dense population in the city result in the increasingly serious infringements involved in the thrown and falling objects from a building,which are the externally social causes.However,the victims can only seek the compensation and relief in the framework of The Tort Liability Law of the People’s Republic of China,which is the internally institutional cause that makes this social disease treated for a long time,but still not fully cured.In the judicial practice,Article 87 in The Tort Liability Law of the People’s Republic of China,which is established on the basis of the consideration of public interests,indicates that all the users of the building assume the compensation liability according to their proportions.This,however,not only fails to ensure the timely and adequate reliefs for the victims,but also cannot maximally realize the institutional function of prevention and punishment,and even causes some newly moral hazards and social disputes.In terms of relief approaches,to assume the tort liability is not the only way to provide the relief for the victim.On the basis of the doctrine of liability fixation and the liability-sharing mechanism in the tort law,it is suggested to construct the compulsory insurance for tort liability involved in the thrown and falling objects from a building,which can take into account the freedom of conduct of the tortfeasor and the reliefs for the rights of the victim.Thus,the efficiency of social risk prevention can be improved,and the dilemma that results from the limitations of the tort law will also be resolved in the system.
作者
郑志涛
王崇敏
ZHENG Zhi-tao;WANG Chong-min(Law School,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)
出处
《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2020年第3期96-103,共8页
Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(2009JJD820010)。
关键词
建筑物抛物、坠物
侵权责任
强制责任保险
制度构建
thrown or falling objects from a building
tort liability
compulsory liability insurance
institutional construction
