摘要
社会网络分析是研究企业员工绩效的重要方法,嵌入在社会网络中的社会资本是影响员工绩效的关键因素。已有研究往往针对单一类型网络进行分析和讨论,缺少不同类型网络的区分和对比;大都关注企业员工拥有的直接社会资本,忽略了其拥有的间接社会资本。因此,在整体网络视角下分析由直接社会资本和间接社会资本共同构成不同类型的累积社会资本,并进一步验证其对于员工个人绩效的影响具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。为准确测量行动者在整体网络中拥有的累积社会资本,以特征向量中心性为基础,提出一种新的累积中心性测量方法。采用3种典型的直接中心性指标和相应的3种累积中心性指标,通过整群抽样,选取中国4家中小企业336名员工的正式或非正式网络,实证分析社会资本对于企业员工个人绩效的影响作用。研究结果表明,不同类型的社会资本之间存在正相关关系,直接社会资本是累积社会资本的组成部分;无论是代表正式网络的工作关系,还是代表非正式网络的社交关系,都对员工的个人绩效产生影响;企业员工的个人绩效受其在网络中占据的社会资本量的正向影响,且累积社会资本比直接社会资本拥有更好的解释力;男性更注重外在性工作成果,更擅长利用其社会网络中的资源提高自己的绩效。研究结果验证了企业中员工累积社会资本对个人绩效的影响关系,为社会资本的定量分析提供了新的视角,同时为企业人力资源管理和组织管理实践提供了新的思路。一方面,关注非正式网络中的社会资本,识别非正式网络中的核心成员,可以丰富和拓展企业资源理论,为中国企业管理实践提供理论指导;另一方面,企业应该重视对组织内社会资本的掌控和引导,为员工提供相应的平台和机会,促进员工在工作和社交活动中创造和分享知识,最终提升员工�
Social network analysis is an important method to study employees’individual performance.The social capital embedded in social network is the key factor affecting employees’individual performance.However,the previous researches are confined to analyzing and discussing only a single type of network,yet neglects the analysis of the distinction and contrast between different types of networks.At the same time,most of the existing researches mainly focus on the direct social capital owned by employees and neglect the indirect social capital they own.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to analyze different types of accumulated social capital(composed of direct social capital and indirect social capital)from the perspective of whole network and further verify its impact on the employees’individual performance.In order to precisely measure the accumulated social capital of actors in the whole network,a new accumulated centrality measurement method is proposed based on the eigenvector centrality.Formal and informal network datasets of 336 employees from four Chinese SMEs were collected by cluster sampling,and three classical direct centrality indices and three corresponding accumulated centrality indices were applied to empirically analyze the impact of employees’social capital on their individual performance.Research results show that there is a positive correlation between different types of social capital,and direct social capital is an integral part of accumulated social capital.Additionally,both formal and informal network relationships have significant impact on employees’individual performance.Furthermore,employees’individual performance undergoes a positive influence from the social capital they own in networks,and accumulated social capital exhibits better explanatory capacity than direct social capital.Finally,we also find that males pay more attention to external work outcomes and are more adept at using their social network resources to improve their performance.This st
作者
蔡萌
杜海峰
CAI Meng;DU Haifeng(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China;School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China)
出处
《管理科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期75-87,共13页
Journal of Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(71501153)
陕西省创新能力支撑计划(软科学研究计划)(2018KRM120)
西安市社会科学规划基金(19J149)。
关键词
正式网络
非正式网络
直接社会资本
累积社会资本
中心性
个人绩效
formal network
informal network
direct social capital
accumulated social capital
centrality
individual performance
