摘要
红壤性水稻土磷素易受铁、铝等固定而有效性低,过量施用磷肥则产生磷素淋失风险,研究不同供磷水平下黄泥田生产力、磷库平衡及磷组分特征,可为磷素高效管理提供依据。本研究基于福建黄泥田连续30年的供磷定位试验,研究连续30年3个供磷水平下[不施磷肥(CK)、30 kg(P2O5)·hm^-2(P1)、60 kg(P2O5)·hm^-2(P2)]水稻(1987—2004年为双季稻,2005年始种植单季稻)产量演变规律,并于试验的第31年分析土壤有效磷、全磷、无机磷库与有机磷库组分变化。结果表明,连续30年施用磷肥,与CK相比,早稻、晚稻与单季稻历年平均产量P1处理分别提高64.9%、37.0%与19.9%,P2处理分别提高67.0%、41.2%与20.4%,差异均显著。不同稻作制度下黄泥田磷肥的增产效果为早稻>晚稻>单季稻。与P1处理相比,P2处理第31年土壤有效磷含量提高190.5%,全磷含量提高32.4%,差异均显著;Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P含量与无机磷含量均显著提高,Al-P、Fe-P占无机磷比重分别提高2.12个百分点与4.40个百分点,但O-P比重降低9.45个百分点,差异均显著。施磷肥总体提高了活性有机磷(LOP)与中等活性有机磷(MLOP)含量,降低了高稳定性有机磷(HSOP)含量,P2处理表现尤为明显;增施磷肥,LOP与MLOP占有机磷比重增加,HSOP比重降低。籽粒或秸秆产量与Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P、MLOP、LOP含量呈显著正相关。综上,黄泥田连续30年施磷肥增产效果明显,P1与P2处理的产量无显著差异,但P1处理呈现磷表观亏缺。增施磷肥提高了无机磷Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P比重,有机磷组分呈现由活性较低的形态向活性较高的形态转化趋势。每茬60 kg(P2O5)×hm-2可维持磷素养分表观平衡并保持适宜的有效磷水平。
Phosphorus(P)in red paddy soil is easily fixed by iron and aluminum,resulting in low P availability.Excessive phosphate fertilizer applications increase the risk of P leaching.The soil productivity,P pool balance,and characteristics of the P fractions at different levels of phosphate supply were studied in order to provide a basis for the efficient management of P in paddy fields across southern China.The study was based on a 30-year experiment in Fujian yellow-mud paddy fields.The experiment consisted of three P supply treatments in each season:control with no phosphate fertilizer(CK),30 kg×hm-2 P2O5(P1),and 60 kg×hm-2 P2O5(P2).Double-cropping rice was planted from 1987 to 2004,and single-cropping rice was planted from 2005 onwards.The rice yields and P fractions changes under different P supply treatments over 30 consecutive years were studied.The results showed that the average grain yields of the early-season rice,late-season rice,and single-cropping rice significantly increased by 64.9%,37.0%,and 19.9%in P1 treatment,and 67.0%,41.2%,and 20.4%in P2 treatment,respectively.Early rice showed the highest increase in yield,followed by late rice and single-cropping rice.Under P2 treatments,in the 31st year,the soil available P and total P contents in P2 treatment significantly increased by 190.5%and 32.4%,respectively,compared to P1 treatment.The Al-P,Fe-P,Ca-P,and total inorganic P contents also significantly increased,and the Al-P,and Fe-P fraction proportions significantly improved by 2.12 and 4.40 percentage points,respectively.However,the O-P fraction proportion significantly decreased by 9.45 percent points.Phosphate fertilizer applications generally increased the labile organic P(LOP)and medium labile organic phosphorus(MLOP)contents,but decreased the highly stable organic phosphorus(HSOP)content,especially in P2 treatment.Increasing the phosphate fertilizer application rate led to a rise in the proportion of LOP and MLOP to organic P,but it reduced the proportion of HSOP to organic P.Rice grain or straw y
作者
王飞
李清华
林诚
何春梅
WANG Fei;LI Qinghua;LIN Cheng;HE Chunmei(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期960-968,共9页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划子课题(2018YFD02003035*)
闽侯农田生态系统福建省野外科学观测研究站[闽科基(2018)17号]
福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2016R1021-2)资助。
关键词
长期施磷肥
黄泥田
水稻
土壤磷组分
磷平衡
产量
Long-term P fertilization
Yellow-mud paddy field
Rice
Soil phosphorus fraction
Phosphorus balance
Yield
