摘要
分别从灌排设施、灌排管理体制和投资政策3个方面,回顾了中国灌溉排水70 a以来所取得的成就.随着灌溉面积增大,灌排设施极大提高了中国粮食产量和农业生产能力;灌排管理体制发生巨大变化,由农民集体管理为主转化为骨干工程国家事业单位管理为主,促进了灌排工程快速发展和良性运行;投资政策有效地服务了水利基本建设.但目前中国依旧存在灌溉用水利用率较低、水肥一体化灌溉农田占比较低和灌溉系统信息化程度较低等问题,与高质量的农业生产发展还有很大的距离.结合国家粮食与生态保障的战略需求,分别从大中型灌区节水改造、水肥一体化节水灌溉装备与技术和喷滴灌、管道输水灌溉和泵站改造方面,提出了中国节水灌溉装备与技术的未来机遇和挑战.为了促进中国节水灌溉行业发展,加强灌排装备的理论研究和自主创新,发展高效、节能和环保的技术和产品,提高产业信息化、智能化和网络化,是实现农业现代化生产建设的必然趋势.
The achievements in irrigation and drainage in China in the past 70 years were reviewed in terms of irrigation and drainage facilities,irrigation and drainage management systems and investment policies,respectively.With the increase in irrigation area,irrigation and drainage facilities had greatly improved grain yield and agricultural production capacity of China.The irrigation and drainage management system had experienced huge changes,i.e.from the collective management of farmers to the ma-nagement of state-owned back-bone institutions,which promoted the rapid development and healthy operation of irrigation and drainage projects.Investment policies served water conservancy infrastructure effectively.However,presently in China,there are still problems such as poor utilization efficiency of irrigation water,small proportion of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation farmland and low extent of informatization of irrigation system,which are far behind the development of high-quality agricultural production.Combined with the strategic needs of national food and ecological security,the future opportunities and challenges in water-saving irrigation equipment and technology to China are proposed in a few aspects,namely,water-saving transformation of large and medium-sized irrigation districts,water and fertilizer integrated water-saving irrigation equipment and technology,spray and drip irrigation,pipeline water delivery irrigation and pump station upgradation.In order to promote the development of water-saving irrigation industry in China,taking the measures,such as strengthening the theoretical research and independent innovation of irrigation and drainage equipment,developing efficient,energy-saving and environmental protection technologies and products,and improving industrial informatization,intelligence and networking,is the inevitable trend to achieve agricultural modernization.
作者
李仰斌
刘俊萍
LI Yangbin;LIU Junping(China Irrigation Districts Association,Beijing 100073,China;National Research Center of Pumps,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212013,China)
出处
《排灌机械工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期738-742,共5页
Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403200)。
关键词
节水灌溉
装备
发展成就
问题
机遇
water-saving irrigation
equipment
development achievement
problems
opportunity
