摘要
为研究寒地大豆霜冻害演变特征,利用黑龙江省大豆主产区59个气象观测站1971-2016年逐日日最低气温资料和大豆发育期资料,基于作物霜冻害等级气象行业标准,采用数理统计和墨西哥帽小波法分析大豆乳熟期轻、中、重霜冻害的空间分布特征及时间变化规律,并统计分析研究区各站霜冻害发生年份的产量增(减)状况。结果表明:1971-2016年,黑龙江省西北部、三江平原西北部及牡丹江半山区等地为寒地大豆乳熟期霜冻主要发生区域。大豆乳熟期轻度、中度、重度霜冻害在1971-1980年发生范围最广、发生频率最高,2011-2016年发生范围及频率最小。寒地大豆乳熟期霜冻害发生存在3~5年短期振荡周期和20年左右的中期振荡周期。1971-2016年,霜冻对大豆产量的影响在一定程度上以负效应为主。对典型站分析结果表明,大豆乳熟期霜冻害出现日期越早对产量的负效应越大。霜冻害对大豆产量的影响为霜冻等级及出现日期的协同作用。研究结果对寒地大豆安全生产及防灾减灾具有重要意义。
In order to study the evolution characteristics of soybean frost damage in cold region, we analyzed the meteorological standard-grade of crop frost damage, spatial and temporal distribution of frost damage on soybean in mild, modetate and serious grades using mathematical statistics and a wavelet analysis based on the daily lowest air temperature data and soybean growing stages data at 59 weather stations in the main soybean producing areas of Heilongjiang province during 1971 to 2016. In addition, we analyzed the increase(decrease) of yield in the year of frost damage in each station of the study area. The results showed that the frost damage of soybean in cold regions occurred mainly in the northwest of our province, the northwest of Sanjiang Plain and the half mountain area of Mudanjiang during 1971-2016 in Heilongjiang province. Mild, modetate and severe frost damage of soybean in cold regions occurred the most widely and frequently from 1971 to 1980. The occurrence range and frequency were the smallest from 2011 to 2016. There were a short-term periodic cycles of 3-5 years and a medium-term periodic cycles of about 20 years in frost damage of soybean in cold regions. From 1971 to 2014, frost had a negative effect on soybean yield to some extent. The results of typical station analysis showed that the earlier the frost damage occurred in milk maturity of soybean, the greater the negative effected on yield. The effect of frost damage on soybean yield was the synergism of frost grade and occurrence date. The results were of great significance in preventing and mitigating natural disasters, and ensuring production safety of soybean in cold regions.
作者
吕佳佳
朱海霞
宫丽娟
王铭
刘泽恩
连萍
李秀芬
姜丽霞
LYU Jia-jia;ZHU Hai-xia;GONG Li-juan;WANG Ming;LIU Ze-en;LIAN Ping;LI Xiu-fen;JIANG Li-xia(Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Eco-Meteorology in Northeast China,CMA,Harbin 150030,China;Meteorological Academician Workstation of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150030,China;Forestry Department of Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Harbin 150030,China;Tonghe Meteorological Station,Harbin 150030,China;Meteorological Data Center of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期260-268,共9页
Soybean Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(31671576,31801253)
中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室开放研究基金(stqx2019zd01,stqx201808)。
关键词
寒地大豆
霜冻害
演变特征
产量
Soybean in cold regions
Frost damage
Evolution characteristics
Yield
