摘要
本文研究城市流动人口对企业出口的影响及其作用机制。理论上,本文不仅提出了城市流动人口通过降低工资水平来促进企业出口这一成本作用机制,分析了高人力资本流动人口通过提高企业生产率来促进企业出口这一人力资本作用机制,而且讨论了“人力资本作用机制之拥挤效应”与“人力资本作用机制之互补效应”存在的可能性。实证上,本文利用中国工业企业数据库和《中国城市建设统计年鉴》数据,实证检验了城市流动人口对企业出口的影响及其作用机制。基准实证研究结果表明,城市流动人口的流入显著促进了企业出口。对影响机制的实证检验结果显示:城市流动人口的流入降低了当地企业的生产成本,促进了企业出口,从而验证了成本机制的存在;较高人力资本水平的流动人口通过提高流入地的人力资本水平促进了企业出口,从而验证了人力资本机制的存在;进一步的实证检验结果表明,在城市流动人口影响企业出口的人力资本作用机制中,存在着“拥挤效应”和“互补效应”。
This paper studies the influence of urban floating population on firms'exports and its mechanism.Theoretically,we not only put forward the“cost mechanism”that the urban floating population promotes firms'exports by reducing wages and analyze the“human capital mechanism”that the floating population with high levels of human capital promotes firms'exports by increasing firms'productivity,but also discuss the possibility of the existence of“crowding effect”and“complementary effect”.Empirically,we use the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database and China Urban Construction Yearbooks to verify the impact and its mechanism of the floating population on firms'export.Empirical results of our benchmark model indicate that the inflow of urban floating population significantly promotes firms'export.Empirical tests of the impact mechanism show that the inflow of urban floating population reduces firms'production cost and promotes their export,proving the existence of the cost mechanism;the inflow of floating population with higher levels of human capital increases the level of human capital in the local city and then promotes firms'export,indicating the existence of the human capital mechanism.Further empirical results suggest there exist the“crowding effect”and the“complementary effect”in the human capital mechanism.
作者
张明志
陈榕景
ZHANG Mingzhi;CHEN Rongjing(Xiamen University, Xiamen, China)
出处
《经济学动态》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期85-100,共16页
Economic Perspectives
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“人口结构变动与中国出口转型升级研究”(17BJY146)资助。
关键词
流动人口
企业出口
成本机制
人力资本机制
Floating Population
Firm's Export
Cost Mechanism
Human Capital Mechanism
