摘要
记忆通常被视为保存我们过去知识、经验与讯息的“储存室”,但是这个一般的常识观点却会引起下列的问题与困惑:我们究竟把记忆储存于何处?我们又如何储存它们?什么叫作我们回忆起过去的经验?我们又该如何确保我们的记忆是可靠的?另一方面,忘记则经常被当作是记忆的丧失,或者无法回忆起过去的讯息。在这个理解下,忘记似乎是个和记忆相对立的概念,而且记忆一般都扮演着一个积极与重要的角色,但忘记却是个消极与负面的角色。然而,近年来在心理学与哲学的研究中却显示,忘记不仅对我们在心理上或认知上具有一种积极正面的帮助作用,它也可以在伦理学或知识论上成为一种美德。果真如此的话,忘记这个重要的概念,将为当代知识论的几个主流发展理论带来一连串的困难与挑战。为了解决这个由“忘记”所带来的难题,一个认知者或行动主体必须学习与发展出一套能够同时调节与整合记忆与忘记这两项重要功能的能力或人格特质。
Memory is commonly viewed as the“storehouse”of our past knowledge,experiences,or information.However,it will lead naturally to the following questions and puzzles:where do we store our memory,how do we store our memory,what does it mean to say that we remember something in the past,and how can we be sure that our memory is reliable,justifiable,or competent enough?On the other hand,forgetting is usually regarded as the loss of memory or inability to recall past information.It appears to be the case that“memory”and“forgetting”are always opposite to each other,and that“memory”plays a default and vital role in general while“forgetting”a deficient and unwanted one.Recent researches in psychology and philosophy have proved that forgetting is sometimes necessary for our psychological and cognitive wellness,and that forgetting can be virtuous as an ethical or epistemic factor.If it is true,then“forgetting”will post a threat and a challenge to the main theories in contemporary epistemology.It is argued that in order to deal with the challenge and solve the problem,a cognitive(or moral)agent have to learn and develop a well-balanced competence or character-trait of“remembering”and“forgetting”.
出处
《哲学分析》
CSSCI
2020年第3期6-20,194,共16页
Philosophical Analysis
关键词
记忆
忘记
德性
知识论
memory
forgetting
virtue
epistemology
