摘要
针对酿酒葡萄机械化采收时对植株损伤大、果粒破损率高、脱粒效率低等问题,该文设计了一种曲轴式振动脱粒收获装置,该装置主要由曲轴、弹性夹持振动机构、传动系统、机架等组成。对曲柄摇杆机构的运动和弹性振动杆变形进行了分析,获取了影响作业效果的主要因素。根据Box-Benhnken中心组合设计方法,以夹持间距、转速和偏心距为影响因子,酿酒葡萄脱粒率和破损率为响应函数进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验设计,建立了响应面数学模型,并进行了参数优化和验证。结果表明,酿酒葡萄脱粒率影响因素的显著性顺序为转速、偏心距和夹持间距,破损率的影响显著性顺序为转速、夹持间距和偏心距;最优参数组合为夹持间距193 mm、曲轴转速720 r/min、曲轴偏心距38.8 mm,在此参数下测得的酿酒葡萄脱粒率为93.06%,破损率为4.57%,与模型优化理论值相比脱粒率降低了1.09个百分比,破损率增加了1.45个百分点。该研究可为酿酒葡萄的机械化收获及其他林果的振动采收装置设计提供参考。
At present,the wine grape harvesting method is still the traditional manual picking with scissor,because the grape fruit is randomly distributed among the branches,the manual harvesting is difficult and the operation efficiency is low.Therefore,mechanized harvesting of wine grape has become an urgent need.Vibration harvesting is one of the main methods of fruit harvesting at home and abroad.The mechanical harvesting of blueberries,blackcurrant,grape and other berries mainly vibrates the fruit tree by means of incentive source,so that the fruit and the connected branches produced a relative movement,the joints produced deformation and fracture,and the fruits falling.However,the domestic wine grape harvesting machines are immature,which has great damage to plant,low threshing efficiency,high fruit broken rate,low reliability and so on.In order to meet the requirements of wine grape mechanization harvest,a crankshaft vibration threshing device was put forward,the device was mainly composed of crankshaft,clamping vibration mechanism,elastic vibration rod,synchronous belt driving system,frame and so on,the driving crankshaft and the driving crankshaft were connected by a synchronous belt,and the elastic vibration monomers composed of parallel crank and rocker mechanism on both sides were in the same phase and moved synchronously in the same direction.The wine grape plant was held by the clamping vibration mechanism on both sides,and was driven to perform a regular variable motion,so that the wine grape grains fall off the grape stem.The angular displacement and angular velocity of the working parts were obtained based on the kinematics analysis of the crank and rocker mechanism.The main factors affecting the vibration operation effect were the length and angular velocity of the crank.The elastic vibrating rod were divided into straight segment and arc segment.The material of PA6 nylon and PU polyurethane with high mechanical strength,flexibility and resilience were selected as the material of vibrating rods.Based on t
作者
袁盼盼
朱兴亮
尤佳
韩长杰
张学军
郭辉
Yuan Panpan;Zhu Xingliang;You Jia;Han Changjie;Zhang Xuejun;Guo Hui(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期67-74,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(51605411)
国家自然科学基金(51805461)
新疆高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2017S018)。
关键词
农业机械
收获
振动
酿酒葡萄
曲轴
agricultural machinery
harvesting
vibration
wine grape
crankshaft
