摘要
为阐明近15a三江源区草地植被生长状况及其产量动态特征。利用该区2003~2017年生长季(6~8月)牧草产量及其同期气象资料,基于统计学方法较为系统地分析了该区生长季牧草产量变化趋势及其与同期气象条件的关系。结果表明,近15a来,三江源区牧草生长季年平均产量呈不明显的波动变化,其中高寒草甸和高寒草原牧草产量的最大值均出现在2010年,分别为3095.7kg/hm^2和1439.3kg/hm^2;最小值出现在2015和2006年,分别为2188.8kg/hm^2和491.4kg/hm^2。从产量的空间分布来看,三江源区牧草产量时空分布具有明显的异质性,自西北向东南依次递增。其中,东南部河南县牧草产量最大,局部地区甚至超过3500kg/hm^2;随着青海省三江源生态保护与建设规划项目的逐步实施,虽个别干旱年份草地植被生长状况较差,但整体呈稳定恢复状态。三江源区不同草地类型牧草产量之间差异显著(P≤0.05)。其中,牧草产量表现为:高寒草甸(2703.49kg/hm^2)>全区(1775.64kg/hm^2)>高寒草原(1013.68kg/hm^2)>高寒荒漠、戈壁(383.33kg/hm^2)。相关分析结果显示,除高寒荒漠、戈壁对气温和降水不敏感外,高寒草甸草原对气温的敏感性更高,高寒草原对降水的敏感性则更强。由此可见,三江源区牧草生长季高峰期产量不是由单一气象条件决定的,而是气温和降水共同作用的结果。
In order to elucidate dynamic characteristics of grassland vegetation growth and yield over the Three-river Resource region in past 15 years,tendency of forage yield(2003~2017 growing season,June,July and August)and its relationship with corresponding meteorological conditions were analyzed based on statistical methods.The results showed the variation of annal average yield was not significantly different over the Three-river Resource region,in which the highest forage yield of alpine meadow and alpine grassland appeared in 2010(3095.7 kg/hm^2and 1439.3 kg/hm^2,respectively),and the lowest forage yield appeared in 2015 and 2006(2188.8 kg/hm^2and 491.4 kg/hm^2,respectively).Spatially,the distribution of forage yield had specific heterogeneity over Three-river Resource region that the forage yield was increased from northwest to southeast,in which the highest yield was in Henan county exceeding 3500 kg/hm^2 in some regions.With the implementation of eco-protection and construction project over the Three-river Resource region,although the condition of grassland vegetation was deteriorated during dry years,the whole grassland vegetation was gradually recovered.The forage yield of different grassland types was significantly different over the Three-river Resource region(P≤0.05).The rank of forage yield was shown as following:alpine meadow(2703.49 kg/hm^2)>alpine grassland(1013.68 kg/hm^2)>alpine desert and Gobi(383.33 kg/hm^2).Correlation analysis results showed alpine meadow grassland and alpine grassland were more sensitive to temperature and precipitation,respectively,except for alpine desert and Gobi.It can be concluded that the peak forage yield over the Three-river Resource region in the growing season was not determined by a single meteorological factor but by the combined action of temperature and precipitation.
作者
韩炳宏
周秉荣
赵恒和
石明明
周华坤
牛得草
傅华
HANBing-hong;ZHOUBing-rong;ZHAO Heng-he;SHIMing-ming;ZHOU Hua-kun;NIUDe-cao;FU Hua(Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China;The Institute of Meteorological Science,Xining 810001,China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Science/Key laboratory of restoration ecology of cold area in Qinghai Province,Xining 810008,China;State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)
出处
《中国草地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期77-85,共9页
Chinese Journal of Grassland
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501903)
青海省重大气象灾害智能格点化防控技术提升与示范(2018-SF-142)
青海省创新平台建设专项(2017-ZJ-Y20)
关键词
三江源区
牧草产量
变化趋势
气象条件
Three-river Resource region
Forage yield
Variation tendency
Meteorological conditions
