摘要
"自由"在现时代主要体现为个体自由,个体自由的首要特征是不受约束,这种个体自由观背后的哲学观是自由与必然的对立,进而是自由问题在启蒙运动以来主体形而上学语境下的突出表现。以个人为出发点的自由发展到极致,在人类作为一个物种群体的角度上,容易造成"人类中心论",及由此引发的一系列如环境、生态灾难等问题;在人类社会现实角度上,不可能实现无所约束的个体自由,这种消解了形而上学指向的自由观,其实是抽象的,与法律、制度、伦理等仅仅外在对立的自由。无论是古典自由主义还是新自由主义,个人成了凌驾于一切共同体形式的本体,个体的不受约束的自由最终造成了不自由,黑格尔的自由观是本体意义上的自由观。它扬弃了抽象、任意的自由,提供现实的具体的自由。黑格尔自由观有两个突出特点,一是思辨逻辑对自由自身证成机制的揭示;二是自由的现实化过程:绝对精神外化为自然及重新走向精神并最终通过人的历史活动而实现。这两个特点共同体现了以自由为最高追求的哲学体系。
In the present era,“freedom”is mainly reflected as individual freedom.The primary characteristic of individual freedom is unrestraint.The philosophy behind this concept of individual freedom is the opposition between freedom and necessity,which has been the prominent expression of freedom in the context of subject metaphysics since theEnlightenment.From the perspective of humans as a group of species,the freedom development of individuals can easily lead to“anthropocentrism”and a series of problems such as environmental and ecological disasters.From the perspective of human social reality,it is impossible to realize the unrestrained individual freedom.This kind of deconstruction of the metaphysical point of view of freedom is actually abstract and only externally opposite to laws,institutions and ethics.Whether it is classical liberalism or neoliberalism,the individual becomes the noumenon that overrides all forms of community,and the unrestrained freedom of the individual finally results in the illiberality.Hegel’s concept of freedom is in the sense of noumenon.It abandons the abstract and arbitrary freedom and provides the concrete freedom of reality.Hegel’s concept of freedom has two outstanding characteristics.First,it is to prove freedom through logic at the metaphysical level.The second is the two development paths of freedom:from natural philosophy to spiritual philosophy and historical philosophy.The two approaches jointly embody the philosophical system with the highest pursuit of freedom.
作者
陆杰荣
杨蕊
LU Jierong;YANG Rui(School of Philosophy,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)
出处
《辽宁大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期11-16,共6页
Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社科基金项目“马克思现代形而上学思想研究”(14BZX114)。
关键词
黑格尔
思辨逻辑
自由观
自由主义
G.W.F.Hegel
speculative logic
view of freedom
liberalism
