摘要
甲骨文“同”本义为“聚集到一起”,常用于句尾作不及物动词。在语法化的过程中,“同”在本义基础上的引申有三条路径:一是与其他动词连用,引申为表“共同、一起”义的副词,最早出现于春秋战国时期;二是引进动作或比较的对象,出现于隋唐时期,引申为相当于“和、跟、给”义的伴随介词;三是表示并列联合关系,出现于隋唐之后,在介词的基础上引申为表示“和”义的并列连词。扩展机制、语义的泛化、语义同步虚化,在“同”语法化过程中起着重要的作用。
The original meaning of“Tong”in Oracle is“gather together”,which is often used as an intransitive verb at the end of a sentence.In the process of grammaticalization,three path extensions were made on the basis of the original meaning:one was used in conjunction with other verbs and extended as an adverb with the meaning of“common and together”,which first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty;The object appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties,and was extended as the companion preposition equivalent to the meaning of“harmony,follow,and give”;the third is to express the joint relationship of juxtaposition,conjunction.Expansion mechanism,semantic generalization,semantic blurring,and widespread use in spoken language play an important role in its grammaticalization.
作者
杨梅
YANG Mei(College of Literal Arts,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)
关键词
“同”
介连兼类
语法化
“Tong”
preposition-conjunction ambiguous empty words
grammaticalization
