摘要
【目的】明确当前生产条件下我国长江流域冬油菜典型种植区域土壤肥力现状,尤其是土壤中微量元素养分含量,以期为冬油菜合理施肥提供参考。【方法】于2018年4-5月在我国长江流域14个省(市)冬油菜典型种植区域采集油菜收获后耕层土壤样品430个,测定土壤基础理化性质(土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH)以及中微量元素(有效钙、镁、硫、铁、锰、铜、锌和硼)含量,参考第二次全国土壤普查以及油菜种植土壤速效磷、速效钾和有效硼的分级指标,明确我国长江流域冬油菜主产区油菜种植土壤养分现状,并分析了不同区域(长江上游、中游和下游)、种植制度(水旱轮作油菜和旱地油菜)和产量水平(<2 000 kg·hm-2、2 000-3 000 kg·hm-2和>3 000 kg·hm-2)下油菜种植土壤的养分分布特征。【结果】长江流域冬油菜典型种植区域耕层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、pH、有效钙、有效镁、有效硫、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效硼平均含量分别为25.9 g·kg-1、1.47 g·kg-1、27.5 mg·kg-1、131.1 mg·kg-1、6.04、2 436.1 mg·kg-1、225.7 mg·kg-1、22.6 mg·kg-1、212.3 mg·kg-1、89.7 mg·kg-1、3.84 mg·kg-1、4.03 mg·kg-1和0.45 mg·kg-1。超过2/3田块土壤有机质和全氮含量处于中等及以上;土壤速效磷处于丰富、适宜和缺乏的比例各占1/3;而有63.8%田块土壤速效钾处于缺乏状态。对于土壤中微量元素,土壤有效铁、有效锰和有效铜含量均处于中等及以上,有效钙和有效锌有8.4%和12.2%处于缺乏状态,而土壤有效镁、有效硫和有效硼处于缺乏的比例则分别为24.2%、36.0%和83.5%。长江流域上、中和下游冬油菜典型种植区域土壤养分状况不同,但各区域各养分的分布趋势相同。水旱轮作和旱地油菜种植土壤养分状况存在明显差异,水旱轮作油菜种植土壤有机质、全氮、有效硫、有效铁、有效铜和有
【Objective】 The objective of the study was to investigate the current soil nutrient status of oilseed rape-cultivated soil in typical winter oilseed rape production region in China, especially for soil micronutrients status. It would provide critical reference for optimizing fertilizer strategy of winter oilseed rape. 【Method】 430 soil samples distributed in the typical winter oilseed rape production regions in 14 provinces around the Yangtze River Basin were sampled from April to May, 2018. Soil chemical properties, including soil organic matter, total nitrogen(N), soil available phosphorus(P) and potassium(K), pH, soil available calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), sulfur(S), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn) and boron(B), were determined. Referring to the second national soil survey and the classification index of soil available P, K and B in rapeseed-cultivated soil, soil nutrient status of rapeseed-cultivated soil was clarified, and the soil nutrient characteristics under different regions(upper, middle and lower Yangtze River Basin), planting systems(paddy-oilseed rape and upland-oilseed rape rotation) and seed yield levels(<2 000 kg·hm-2, 2 000-3 000 kg·hm-2 and >3 000 kg·hm-2) were also analyzed. 【Result】 Results showed that the average soil organic matter, total N, soil available P and K, pH, soil available Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B content in the typical winter oilseed rape production region around the Yangtze River Basin were 25.9 g·kg-1, 1.47 g·kg-1, 27.5 mg·kg-1, 131.1 mg·kg-1, 6.04, 2 436.1 mg·kg-1, 225.7 mg·kg-1, 22.6 mg·kg-1, 212.3 mg·kg-1, 89.7 mg·kg-1, 3.84 mg·kg-1, 4.03 mg·kg-1 and 0.45 mg·kg-1, respectively. More than two-thirds of soil organic matter and total N content belonged to the medium class or above. For soil available P content, the proportion of the rich, medium and deficient class accounted for one-third, respectively. While 63.8% of soil available K content was deficient. For soil available Fe, Mn and Cu, all soils belonged to the medium class o
作者
任涛
郭丽璇
张丽梅
杨旭坤
廖世鹏
张洋洋
李小坤
丛日环
鲁剑巍
REN Tao;GUO LiXuan;ZHANG LiMei;YANG XuKun;LIAO ShiPeng;ZHANG YangYang;LI XiaoKun;CONG RiHuan;LU JianWei(Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期1606-1616,共11页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200900)
油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)
湖北省农业科技创新行动项目“丘陵山区油菜生产肥料综合管理技术创新”。
关键词
冬油菜
土壤养分
养分现状
养分含量分级
中微量元素
winter oilseed rape
soil nutrients
soil nutrients status
soil nutrients classification
soil medium-micro nutrients
