摘要
利用作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发之间的定量分配占比确定最优施肥量,是指导合理灌溉、提高水肥利用效率的重要研究内容。该研究测定了夏玉米蒸腾量、土壤蒸发量、作物生长参数和产量,并用修正双作物系数法估算全生育期夏玉米蒸发蒸腾量,分析了雨养条件下,不同施肥量对夏玉米植株蒸腾(T-c)和土壤蒸发(E)及产量的影响。结果表明:夏玉米生长初期,施肥量对T-c的影响不明显,E对蒸散量(ET-c)的贡献大于T-c;生长中期,施肥量越大,T-c相对较大,0肥(N1)<低肥(N2)<中肥(N3)<高肥(N4),T-c对夏玉米蒸散量ET-c的贡献大于E;生长后期,N2处理T-c最高,N4处理最低。不同施肥量下,T-c、E整体呈现下降趋势,T-c、E对ET-c相互影响。不同施肥量夏玉米产量N3>N2>N4>N1,N3处理比N1处理产量高16.9、N3处理比N4处理产量高9.6。施肥量过多或太少,都会降低夏玉米产量。适当施肥可以提高T-c在ET-c中的所占比例(N3最高,T-c/ET-c67.53),降低E的消耗,从而使水分消耗向增加作物产量的方向分配。
It is an important research content to use the ration proportion between crop transpiration and soil evaporation to determine the optimal fertilizer application rate to guide rational irrigation and improve water and fertilizer use efficiency.In this study,transpiration,soil transpiration,crop growth parameters and yield of summer maize were measured,and the evapotranspiration of summer maize during the whole growth period was estimated by the modified dual crop coefficient method.The effects of different fertilizing amount on plant transpiration(Tc)and soil evaporation(E)and yield of summer maize under sufficient rainfall conditions were analyzed.The results showed that the effect of fertilizer application on Tc was not significant,and the contribution of E to evapotranspiration(ETc)was greater than that of Tc.At the middle stage of growth,the greater the fertilizer application,the larger the Tc,the order was 0 fertilizer(N1)<low fertilizer(N2)<medium fertilizer(N3)<high fertilizer(N4),the contribution of Tc to ETc was greater than E.At the late growth stage,Tc was the highest in N2 treatment and the lowest in N4 treatment.Under different fertilizing amount,Tc and E showed an overall downward trend,and Tc and E had mutual influence on the evapotranspiration of summer maize ETc.The summer maize yield was following the order of N3>N2>N4>N1,the yield of N3 treatment was 16.9%higher than that of N1 treatment,the yield of N3 treatment was 9.6%higher than that of N4 treatment.Too much or too little fertilizer can reduce summer maize yields.Proper fertilization could increase the proportion of Tc in ETc(N3 highest,Tc/ETc67.53%)and reduce the consumption of E,so that water consumption was distributed in the direction of increasing crop yield.
作者
李荣
段喜明
张宝忠
周青云
LI Rong;DUAN Xi-ming;ZHANG Bao-zhong;ZHOU Qing-yun(Forestry College,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi Province,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,ChinaInstitute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2020年第5期16-21,共6页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
“十三五”国家水体污染与控制重大专项课题(2017ZX07101004)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0609203),国家自然科学基金项目(51822907)。
关键词
夏玉米
作物蒸腾
土壤蒸发
蒸散量
最优施肥量
双作物系数法
夏玉米产量
水肥利用效率
summer maize
crop transpiration
soil evaporation
evaporation
optimal fertilizer application rate
dual crop coefficient method
summer maize yield
water and fertilizer utilization efficiency
