摘要
非贵金属碳基氧还原催化剂是当前热门的燃料电池催化剂,而传统制备过程中,需要经过高温(>700°C)碳化过程来提高材料的导电性和催化活性.高温碳化过程中,材料结构可能发生不可预测性的改变甚至重构、催化活性位不清晰、难以控制等问题,给催化过程中的反应机制、失活机理与宏量制备等带来重大挑战.本文系统地介绍了利用非碳化策略构筑新型氧还原催化材料的制备与应用,尽管非碳化法策略仍处于婴儿发展期,但正在发挥着重要推动作用,为活性位点、催化机理研究带来新的机遇.
The accelerated consumption of traditional fossil energy has aggravated the energy crisis and environmental pressure worldwide, so clean and renewable energy technologies have been attracting increasing interest. The development of fuel cell technology, metal air batteries, etc., is an important way to deal with the crisis and relieve pressure. As an important part in the operation of battery system, oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) electrochemical catalysts have become the focus of more and more researchers. At present, the commercial catalysts are metal base, especially the electrocatalysts based on precious metals(platinum, ruthenium, etc.) show excellent electrochemical catalytic performance and good stability in ORR. However, the introduction of precious metals increases the cost of battery systems, and the scarcity of raw materials greatly limits the large-scale commercial application of such catalysts. Therefore, the development of high efficiency,stability and low cost non-noble metal based electrocatalysts is the current research target.Recently, a large number of non-precious metal carbon-based catalysts(Fe, Co and other transition metals) have been developed. As early as 1964, scientists found that cobalt phthalocyanine with M-N4 structure in alkaline electrolyte showed ORR properties, but the stability and catalytic activity of the material were poor. On the basis of this research, M-Nx/C electrocatalysts prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis with materials with non-noble metals, N and C sources as precursors have been widely studied in the field of new energy materials. Non-noble metal carbon oxygen reduction catalyst is the current popular fuel cell catalysts, the traditional preparation process, most of the carbon catalyst with high temperature carbonization decomposition(usually in 800-1100°C) carbonization process to improve the conductivity and catalytic activity of material, but because of the high temperature in the process of sheet metal atoms to reunite, pyrolysis carbonization of artificial
作者
米春霞
彭鹏
向中华
Chunxia Mi;Peng Peng;Zhonghua Xiang(State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第14期1348-1357,共10页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0206500)
国家自然科学基金(21676020,21922802)
北京市自然科学基金(JQ19007,17L20060)
青年人才托举工程(2017QNRC001)资助。
关键词
非碳化
氧还原电催化剂
催化机理
燃料电池
pyrolysis-free
oxygen reduction electrocatalyst
catalytic mechanism
fuel cell
