摘要
吐鲁番出土租佃契约中的时间因素包括立契日期和交租日期,这两项要素都与农时密切相关。租佃契约的签订以不误春耕播种为前提,高昌国时期的立契日期集中于以二月为主的年初;到唐时西州人多地少,预租土地的情况增加,故契约签订日期发展到以十一月为主的年尾。为避免欠租,租金交纳则在五月麦收和十月谷获的季节进行;果园和菜园还需交纳一些应季所产的农作物。农时不仅对农业生产有导向作用,日常生活中的赋税征收、粮食储存和对水利设施的维修也都受到农时规律的影响。
The time factors in the land tenancy contracts unearthed in Turpan included the date of signing the contracts and the date of renting payment, which all reflected the law of the farming season from the Jin to the Tang Dynasties. The signing of tenancy contracts must be signed before sowing seeds. In the Gaochang Kingdom, the date of signing the contracts was concentrated at the beginning of the year, mainly in February. However, in the Tang Dynasty, the contract signing date developed to the end of the year, mostly in November, because the increase of population caused a land shortage in Xizhou. So in this period, the situation of renting land was increased. To avoid rent arrears, rent payment usually took place in May and October, during which the grain was ripened. The rent also included some seasonal crops if orchard and vegetable farm were leased. The law of the farming season not only played a guiding role in agricultural production, but also affected daily life such as imposition of taxes, storage of grain and maintenance of water conservancy facilities.
作者
王双怀
屈蓉蓉
WANG Shuang-huai;QU Rong-rong(School of History and Civilization,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi)
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期78-86,共9页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部人文社会科学基地重大项目“西北地区水资源利用与经济发展方式研究”(17JJD770011)。
关键词
吐鲁番
出土文书
土地租佃契约
农时信息
高昌
西州
Turpan region
unearthed documents
land tenancy contracts
farming season
Gaochang Kingdom
Xizhou
