摘要
近年来,随着畜禽养殖规模化的快速发展,养殖粪水的处理和利用已成为养殖业健康发展的难点和热点,粪水酸化技术是通过向粪水中添加酸化剂以降低氨气排放,减少粪水贮存中氮素损失的技术,目前此技术已经在丹麦等国推广应用,但中国对此技术的研究尚未起步,为探究粪水酸化固持氮素的效果,该研究以硫酸和明矾为粪水酸化剂,以固液分离前后奶牛粪水为处理对象,通过向粪水中添加酸化剂降低粪水pH值至6.0,分析粪水贮存中氨气排放、氮素转化以及粪大肠菌群数等指标,探索粪水酸化贮存过程氮形态转化机理。研究表明:向养殖粪水中添加酸化剂可降低6.3%~11.1%的总氮损失,能够降低粪水贮存初期中氨气的排放,同时有效抑制了奶牛粪水中粪大肠菌群的活性,使其更易达到无害化处理。酸化剂的加入一方面抑制粪水中微生物作用下的有机氮向无机氮素的转化,提高粪水贮存中有机氮的含量,减少铵态氮的产生量,另一方面酸化剂与粪水中的铵态氮结合生成稳定的铵盐,抑制了粪水中铵态氮向氨气转化的化学平衡,降低了粪水中因氨气排放导致的总氮损失,从而达到减少粪水贮存中氮素损失。
Treatment and utilization of animal manure water have become a big challenge for the healthy development of the breeding industry, as the impact of upcoming technology on large-scale livestock and poultry farming. Since slurries are an important source of ammonia emissions to the atmosphere, the representative methods to reduce ammonia emission include surface covering, and acidification technology. Surface covering technology refers to cover the surface of animal manure water, in order to reduce the gas exchange between animal manure water and air surroundings. However, this technology has only a few applications due to confined covering materials. In acidification technology, the acidifiers are added to the animal manure water, in order to reduce the loss of nitrogen during storage. This acidification technology has been widely used in Denmark and other countries in Europe. However, there is still a large gap in the field of fecal water acidification in China. Since only two institutions have studied the acidification technology of fecal water from the perspective of odor and greenhouse gas emissions, there is still lacking a large number of research data for the industrial utilization of fecal water acidification. In this study, sulphuric acid and alum were selected as acidifiers to treat cow slurry before and after solid-liquid separation. After adding sulphuric acid and alum, the pH value of the cow dung water and cow slurry can reach 6.0, under the blank control at the same time. The mechanism of n-form transformation was proposed for the process of acidification and storage of cow dung water and cow slurry by analyzing the indexes of ammonia mission, n-transformation and harmless effect. The results show that the addition of acidifiers can reduce the total loss of nitrogen by 6.3%-11.1%, and the emission of ammonia in the initial stage of cow dung water and cow slurry storage decreased, compared with those in the conventional techniques. Adding acidifier in the cow slurry can indirectly increase the concen
作者
张朋月
丁京涛
孟海波
赵立欣
沈玉君
刘森泓
Zhang Pengyue;Ding Jingtao;Meng Haibo;Zhao Lixin;Shen Yujun;Liu Senhong(Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection,Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,MARA,Beijing 100121,China;Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China,Beijing 100121,China;College of Food Science,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期212-218,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目:畜禽养殖粪水酸化贮存及施用技术研究,项目编号:2018ZZYF0101。
关键词
牛粪水
贮存
酸化法
氮素转化机理
粪大肠菌群数
cow dung water
storage
acidization
mechanism of nitrogen transformation
fecal coliform number
