摘要
【目的】比较新疆干旱区膜滴灌条件下,控失尿素、常规尿素及不同配比在玉米上的肥效及其利用率的差异。【方法】于2017年田间试验,共设8个处理:①不施氮肥(CK);②常规尿素(UREA):N 225 kg/hm^2;③等氮量控失尿素(LCU):N 225 kg/hm^2;④控失尿素减量20%(LCU0.8):N 180 kg/hm^2;⑤控失尿素减量30%(LCU0.7):N 157.5 kg/hm^2;⑥控失尿素与常规尿素7∶3配比(LCU0.7Urea0.3):N 225 kg/hm^2;⑦控失尿素与常规尿素5∶5配比(LCU0.5Urea0.5):N 225 kg/hm^2;⑧控失尿素与常规尿素3∶7配比(LCU0.3Urea0.7):N 225 kg/hm^2。在玉米成熟期测定其生物量、产量和氮肥吸收利用率和土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮含量。【结果】①与常规尿素相比,LCU0.7Urea0.3、LCU0.5Urea0.5和LCU均能显著增加成熟期玉米的干物质质量和籽粒产量,其中以LCU0.7Urea0.3增产效果最好,增产6.55%~11.77%;而LCU0.8与常规尿素效果相当。②与常规尿素相比,LCU0.7Urea0.3、LCU0.5Urea0.5和LCU均可显著增加成熟期玉米N素吸收量,同时氮肥利用率增加7.96%~12.09%。③各控失尿素与常规尿素配比处理,0~40 cm土层硝态氮、铵态氮含量均高于Urea,且LCU0.7Urea0.3土壤硝态氮和铵态氮累积量最高。【结论】选择LCU0.7Urea0.3是新疆滴灌玉米高产的最佳氮肥管理模式,为产量和氮肥利用率提高的有效途径,可为控失尿素的推广应用提供理论依据。
【Objective】Effect of fertilization and utilization for drip irrigated maize under plastic film mulching to urea loss-control mix with common urea were compared.【Method】One-year field trials were conducted with eight treatments including:(i)CK;(ii)Conventional urea(UREA):N 225 kg/hm^2;(iii)loss-control urea(LCU):N 225 kg/hm^2;(iv)80%loss-control urea(LCU0.8):N 180 kg/hm^2;(v)70%loss-controlurea(LCU0.8)N 157.5 kg/hm^2;(vi)70%loss-control urea+30%conventional urea(LCU0.7Urea0.3):Total of N 225 kg/hm^2;(vii)50%loss-Controurea+50%conventional urea(LCU0.5Urea0.5):Total of N 225 kg/hm^2;(viii)30%loss-control urea+70%conventional urea(LCU0.3Urea0.7):Total of N 225 kg/hm^2.The cotton biomass,yield,N uptake and N utilization were measured in the manure period.【Result】(i)Compared with common urea,LCU0.7Urea0.3,LCU0.5Urea0.5,LCU could significantly increase the plant dry matters and yield,of which LCU0.7Urea0.3 had the best effect,the yield was increased by 6.55%-11.77%;LCU0.8 showed no significant difference;(ii)Compared with common urea,the application of LCU0.7Urea0.3,LCU0.5Urea0.5,LCU could significantly increase the nitrogen uptake and N utilization,and the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 7.96%-12.09%;(iii)Applying controlled-release urea increased the contend of the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-40 cm soil,LCU0.7Urea0.3 had the best effect.【Conclusion】Therefore,the LCU0.7Urea0.3 was the most effective way to improve the utilization rate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in maize in Xinjiang.
作者
李源
张炎
哈丽哈什·依巴提
张梦婕
李青军
LI Yuan;ZHANG Yan;Halihashi Yibati;ZHANG Meng-jie;LI Qing-jun(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water-saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinjiang Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region,Ministry of Agriculture,Xinjiang Urumqi 830091,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期828-833,共6页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900)
农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金(APF2015035)。
关键词
玉米
滴灌
产量
氮肥效率
控失尿素
Maize
Drip irrigation
Utilization efficiency
Yield
Loss-controlled urea
