摘要
全球对饲用蛋白质和脂肪原料需求日益增加,昆虫作为优质原料受到了广泛的关注。其中黑水虻以其饲养简单、原料来源丰富、营养合理、兼具环保等优势,成为具有量产潜力的饲用昆虫之一。黑水虻幼虫蛋白质含量占干重约40%、油脂30%。在水产、家禽、宠物等应用表明,其可以用于制备多种动物饲料。当幼虫以一定比例替代鱼粉或豆粕,对动物生长性能、血液指标、组织器官等无负面影响。在动物健康方面,黑水虻幼虫的使用普遍表现出良好的效果,其较高的月桂酸含量、几丁质、抗菌肽等被认为是提升动物健康水平的主要原因。但是,黑水虻营养成分受其采食的食物、虫龄虫态、加工方式、储存环境等因素的影响;且其重金属、抗生素等残留风险是需要重视的问题。该综述旨在从黑水虻幼虫的营养成分、饲用效果、尚存问题三方面对国内外已有研究结果进行归纳汇总。
There is an increasing demand of protein and lipids for human and animal consumption,among which insect resource has been highlighted.The black soldier fly,which is notorious,easy to rear and capable to convert multiple organic waste,is one of the promising edible insects with potential of industrialization.The black soldier fly larva contains protein around 40%,lipid around 30%(dry weight).Trails on livestock,aquaculture and pets have showed that the black solder fly larvae can be applied to a variety of feeds.With a certain substitution level of fish meal or soybean meal,black soldier flies would not have negative effects on the growth performance,hematologic indexes et cetera.Black soldier fly larval meal showed positive effects on the animal health,which the relatively high level of lauric acid,chitin and antipeptide could be the reason.However,the nutritional composition of the black soldier fly is highly influenced by the larval feed,larval age or stage,processing and storage methods.In addition,risks such as heavy metal,antibiotic accumulation should be concerned.This review focuses on three aspects of the black soldier fly:nutritional composition,effects on animals as feed ingredient and potential safety issues.
作者
陈柏宇
李楚君
胡斌
孙茂
李国深
李雪玲
董璐
胡文锋
Chen Boyu;Li Chujun;Hu Bin;Sun Mao;Li Guoshen;Li Xueling;Dong Lu;Hu Wenfeng
出处
《饲料工业》
北大核心
2020年第10期9-15,共7页
Feed Industry
基金
畜禽养殖废弃物生物降解与资源转化调控机制[2018YFD0500200]。
关键词
资源昆虫
黑水虻
幼虫
饲料蛋白质
饲用价值
beneficial insect
black soldier fly
larvae
dietary protein
feeding value
