摘要
民法人文主义缘起于哲学人文主义,受哲学人文主义的历史嬗变而获得不同内涵。罗马法以古希腊本体论哲学为基础,将人的权利主体资格建立在外在于人的先验“身份”上,仅承认少数人的权利主体地位而使更多人成为权利客体;而依托于主体性哲学的现代民法将权利主体资格建立在内在于人的理性与自由意志上,尽管实现了形式意义上的人人平等,承认和保障人格自由和财产自由,但其“抽象人”的价值预设存在着“唯我论”的极端人类中心主义和不考虑现实中人在内、外在条件方面的差异,由此产生一系列人与自然、人与人之间的问题。故此,当代民法应认真借鉴存在主义哲学中“经验人”的理论预设,以使民法中的“人”从先验主体向经验主体转变,这不仅能缓和人与自然间愈发紧张的关系,还能促进民法从形式平等向实质平等转化和保障“少数人的权利”,最终引领民法人文主义的当代转向。
The humanism of civil law originated from philosophical humanism,and gained different connotations by the historical evolution of philosophical humanism.Based on the ancient Greek ontology philosophy,Roman law established human rights subject qualification on the transcendental“identity”outside of human beings,only recognized the status of subjects of rights of a few people and more people became objects of rights.Relying on the philosophy of subjectivity,the modern civil law of philosophy establishes the right subject qualification in human reason and free will.Although the equality of all people in the formal sense is realized,and the freedom of personality and property are recognized and guaranteed,in the value presupposition of“abstract man”there are extreme anthropocentrism in solipsism and it does not consider the difference between the internal and external conditions of human beings in reality,which results in a series of problems between man and nature,and between people.Therefore,contemporary civil law should carefully learn from the theoretical presupposition of the“experienced man”in existential philosophy,so as to transform the“person”in the civil law from the transcendental subject to the empirical subject.This not only eases the growing tension between man and nature,but also promote the transformation of civil law from formal equality to substantive equality and guaranteeing the“minority rights”,ultimately leading the contemporary turn of humanism in civil law.
作者
冷传莉
曾清河
LENG Chuanli;ZENG Qinghe(College of Law, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, 550025)
出处
《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第3期85-93,共9页
Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)
关键词
哲学人文主义
民法人文主义
罗马法
现代民法
当代走向
philosophical humanism
civil law humanism
Roman law
modern civil law
contemporary trends
