摘要
朱砂叶螨是花生上的优势螨。为筛选对其有控制作用的地膜,并明确其作用方式,本文调查了不同色膜覆盖的花生田对朱砂叶螨发生的影响,测定了朱砂叶螨对不同色膜的选择性及单波长LED灯下朱砂叶螨的忌避行为。结果表明:覆盖不同颜色地膜的花生田朱砂叶螨数量存在明显差异,覆盖银灰和银黑色地膜的花生田叶螨发生量分别为18.56和20.48头/墩,显著低于对照透明地膜的73.28头/墩;绿色地膜叶螨虫量最高,为106.56头/墩。选择性试验结果表明,朱砂叶螨对银灰色的选择率最低,24 h选择率仅为5.65%,其次为银黑色地膜,选择率为12.32%,对透明地膜的选择率较高,为30.29%。单波长灯光忌避实验结果表明朱砂叶螨对uv-b(波峰315 nm)光谱有明显的忌避性,并且400lux光强照射下的忌避率88.67%,相较200 lux光强照射下的忌避率76.87%显著提高,uv-a和绿色与可见光对照无明显差异。花生田覆盖银灰地膜能够降低朱砂叶螨的危害,高强度的uv-b使朱砂叶螨产生明显的忌避现象,是导致朱砂叶螨对银灰色地膜选择率降低的主要原因。
Tetranychus cinnabarinus is the dominant species of peanut pests.In order to screen film-mulching with controlling effect on T.cinnabarinus and determine the mechanism of action,we measured occurrence quantity and damage degree of T.cinnabarinus in peanut field covered with dif-ferent colored films and the selectivity of T.cinnabarinus to different colored films.At the same time,we detected the repellent behavior of T.cinnabarinus by using single wave length LED lights.By the field investigation,there were differences among peanut fields with different colored films.The silver-gray and silver-black film-mulching had the least insect number with an average pest num-ber of 18.56 and 20.48 per cluster,and the insect number of transparent film-mulching control was 72.38 per cluster.Moreover,green mulching film had the most number with an average pest number of 106.56 per cluster.The test of selectivity of T.cinnabarinus on different colored films showed that the pest had the weakest selectivity as 5.65%and 12.32%respectively to silver-gray and sliver-black film-mulching after 24 h.The T.cinnabarinus had the strongest selectivity as 30.29%to transparent film-mulching.Repellency experiment with single wavelength lights showed that T.cinnabarinus had obvious repellency to uv-b(315 nm),and the deterrent rate was 88.67%under 400 lux light intensity,which was significantly higher than light intensity of 76.87%under 200 lux,uv-a and green light had not obvious difference with the visible light control.The silver-gray film-mulching could reduce the harm induced by T.cinnabarinus.And the high-intensity uv-b made T.cinnabarinus produced obvious repellency phenomenon,which was the main reason for the decrease of the selectivity of silver-gray film-mulching by T.cinnabarinus.
作者
李兆鹏
夏楠楠
王彩云
李冰
王燕
薛明
赵海朋
LI Zhao-peng;XIA Nan-nan;WANG Cai-yun;LI Bing;WANG Yan;XUE Ming;ZHAO Hai-peng(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China)
出处
《花生学报》
北大核心
2020年第1期54-58,共5页
Journal of Peanut Science
基金
山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队项目(SDAIT-04-08)。
关键词
有色地膜
朱砂叶螨
选择性
忌避性
反射光谱
colored mulch
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
selectivity
repellency
reflected spectrum
