摘要
明朝初年朱元璋召见衍圣公孔克坚、孔希学父子,是孔氏家族史上的一个重要事件。朱氏对孔氏严加训诫,并反元朝之道而行之,"不烦以政",曲阜县尹世袭制度也改为世职知县制度,孔氏仕宦为之一变。表面原因是,元惠宗(顺帝)北迁后,孔克坚首鼠两端,持观望态度,称病不奉召觐见,引起朱元璋不满。深层次的原因则在于元朝后期朝廷加大尊孔崇儒的力度,对圣裔也更加优遇,孔克坚和族人孔思立进入中朝,历官省、台,位列显宦。普通孔氏族人也凭藉朝廷的"孔氏恩例"大量进入仕途,其仕宦人数为元朝汉人家族之最。因而,曲阜孔氏认同元朝蒙古、色目、汉人地主阶级的联合统治,忠诚于元朝,敌视红巾军。
It was an important event in the history of the Kong family that Zhu Yuanzhang summoned the father and son Kong Kejian and Kong Xixue in the early Ming Dynasty.Zhu’s reprimanded severely to Kong’s,and acted against the Yuan dynasty,"no bothering with politics",the magistrate hereditary system which in Qufu County was also changed,this means that heirs no longer had strict origin requirements as before,so the situation in which the members of the Kong family became official changed.The apparent reason is,after YuanHuizong(Shundi Emperor)moved north,Kong Kejian lacked of firm stance,holding a wait-andsee attitude,and declared that he was sick and did not want to obey the call to go to Nanjing,this caused Zhu’s dissatisfaction.The deeper reason is that the courts in the late Yuan Dynasty increased their efforts to respect Confucianism,and were more favorable to the saints,Kong Kejian and the tribe Kong Sili entered the Court,held official positions in Zhongshu Province and Yushitai.Ordinary Kong clan person also entered the official career in large numbers by virtue of the court’s"Kong clan’s grace",the number of official officials is the highest among the Han families in the Yuan Dynasty.Therefore,Qufu Confucianism agreed with the joint rule of the Mongolian,Semu,and Han landlord classes in the Yuan Dynasty,and hostile to the Red Scarf Army.
作者
赵文坦
ZHAO Wen-tan(School of History and Culture,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《聊城大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第3期64-71,共8页
Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(18JJD197):孔氏南北宗研究。
关键词
孔氏仕宦
政治动向
朱元璋
衍圣公
世职知县
Kong’s official
Political trends
Zhu Yuanzhang
Yan Sheng Gong
county magistrate by ancestral appointment
