摘要
少数民族作为珠三角地区劳动力市场的重要组成部分,其就业质量是评价该群体在流入地生存发展质量的重要测量指标。利用2016年珠三角地区流动人口动态监测数据,系统描述该地区少数民族流动人口的就业情况。研究发现,珠三角地区少数民族流动人口因务工经商需求而迁移的占比最高,以农业户口的青壮年为主,其中女性占比较高,整体受教育水平普遍在初中及以下。其中就业身份以雇员形式居多,主要集中在私营和独资企业,但在专业技术行业可与汉族持平。近八成少数民族流动人口签订劳动合同,但社会保障普及仍有待提高。鉴于此,在珠三角地区流动人口数量不断增长,就业形势日趋严峻的情况下,少数民族流动人口需积极提升自身的人力资本。相关部门也应不断规范企业用工,完善现行的少数民族流动人口社会保障制度体系,以此提高少数民族流动人口的就业质量。
Ethnic minorities are an important part of the labor market in Pearl River Delta,and their employment quality is considered to be an important index for evaluating their survival and development quality in inflow regions.With the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in Pearl River Delta in 2016,this paper systematically describes the employment situation of the ethnic minority floating population in Pearl River Delta.Results show that the population who migrated due to the need to work and do business occupied the largest proportion,dominated by young adults with a rural household registration;and most of the migrants were female and had an overall educational background of junior high school and below.They mostly worked as employees in private and wholly-owned enterprises but showed no difference with the Han people in the professional and technical industries.Compared with Han workers,ethnic minority workers had an increased average number of working hours but with a decreased average salary.Nearly 80%of the ethnic minority floating population signed labor contracts with employers,but the social security coverage still needed to be improved.Considering the above,the increasing number of migrants in Pearl River Delta and the severe employment situation,the ethnic minority floating population should actively improve their human capital.In addition,relevant government departments need to standardize enterprise employment to perfect the current social security system for the ethnic minority floating population in an attempt to improve their quality of employment.
出处
《湖北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2020年第3期16-22,共7页
Journal of Hubei Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“珠三角地区少数民族流动人口社会融入研究”(18CMZ039)。
关键词
珠三角地区
少数民族流动人口
就业质量
人力资本
城市民族事务治理
Pearl River Delta
ethnic minority floating population
employment quality
human capital
governance of urban ethnic affairs
