摘要
我国是一个多民族的国家,各族人民在长期的生产生活实践中,创造并不断发展了灿烂辉煌的民族文化,结合当地生态地理条件、与社会经济发展水平相适应、流传至今依然发挥着重要作用并对未来发展具有重要现实意义的农业文化遗产,就是其中的重要组成部分。以民族区域自治地方为基础的研究发现,少数民族地区的农业文化遗产因其分布广泛、类型多样、内涵丰富而堪称典型代表。在农业农村部发布的118项涉及136个县级行政区域的中国重要农业文化遗产项目中,少数民族地区有38项涉及45个县级行政区域;在获得联合国粮农组织认定的15项,涉及30个县级行政区域的全球重要农业文化遗产项目中,少数民族地区有6项,涉及11个县级行政区域。通过分析我国少数民族地区重要农业文化遗产的区域、民族、类型以及经济、生态、技术、文化与景观特征,阐释了农业文化遗产发掘与保护对于民族地区发展的意义;并在总结内蒙古敖汉旱作农业系统和云南哈尼稻作梯田系统保护与发展经验的基础上,分析了民族地区农业文化遗产发掘与保护中存在的主要问题,提出了深入发掘、有效保护与持续利用的建议。
China is a multi-ethnic country with 55 minorities.People of all ethnic groups have creat ed and continuously developed plenty of national cultures in the long-term production and living practices.As an important part of these cultures,agricultural heritage systems,with the characteris tics of combining with the local ecological and geographical conditions and adapting to the level of so cial and economic development,are still playing an important role and have important practical signif icances in the future.Based on the ethnic autonomous areas it could be found that the agricultural her itage systems in minority areas are typical representatives because of their wide distribution,diverse types and rich connotations.According to statistics,among 118 China Important Agricultural Heri tage Systems(China-NIAHS)sites covering 136 county-level administrative regions issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,38 sites are located in minority areas which involving 45 county-level administrative regions.And,among the 15 Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)sites involving 30 county-level administrative regions certificated by Food and Ag riculture Organization(FAO),six sites are from minority areas and involve 11 county-level adminis trative regions.In this paper,the regional,ethnic,typal,economic,ecological,technological,cul tural and landscape characteristics of GIAHS/China-NIAHS sites in China’s minority arras were ana lyzed,the significance of these heritages were explained.Based on the summarization of experiences of the exploration and conservation of Aohan Dryland Farming System in Inner Mongolia and Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System in Yunnan,the main problems existing in the exploration and conserva tion of agricultural heritage systems in minority areas were analyzed and some suggestions on in-depth exploration,effective conservation and sustainable utilization were put forward.
作者
闵庆文
MIN Qing wen(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China)
出处
《原生态民族文化学刊》
CSSCI
2020年第3期116-127,共12页
Journal of Ethnic Culture
