摘要
探究城市空间增长与人口密度变化之间的关联关系是城市可持续发展研究的基础,对制定有效的土地政策、促进城市紧凑发展具有重要意义。选取中国和欧洲23个人口100万以上城市作为研究样本,采用1990年、2000年和2014年3期土地利用数据和人口数据,计算各时段样本城市空间增长速率,建立城市紧凑度指标,并将城市空间增长方式划分为紧凑型、保持型和蔓延型,进一步探讨了样本城市的空间增长特征、人口密度变化特征及两者之间的关系。主要结论为:①人口密度降低这一现象普遍存在于中国和欧洲城市,中国城市人口密度相对较高且降低速率较快,欧洲城市人口密度相对较低且降低速率较慢;1990-2014年中国城市半径的增长速率明显快于欧洲城市半径的增长速率。城市空间增长速率与人口密度变化速率呈现强负相关关系(Pearson相关系数为-0.693);②1990-2000年中欧城市主要以紧凑型方式增长。2000-2014年中国城市主要以蔓延型方式增长,且人口密度随时间下降的速率加快;欧洲城市主要以紧凑型和保持型方式增长,人口密度降低速率减小;③紧凑型的空间增长方式并不一定会带来人口密度的升高,但会减缓人口密度下降的速率。中欧城市对比分析表明,城市维持紧凑型空间增长方式,则城市人口密度随时间下降速率减慢;而空间增长方式由紧凑型转为蔓延型,将加剧城市人口密度随时间下降。
Exploring the relationship between urban spatial growth and population density change is the basis of urban sustainable development research, which is of great significance for formulating effective land policies to promote urban compact development. The research selected 23 cities with a population of more than 1 million in China and Europe as the study areas. Based on the land use and population data in the study areas in 1990, 2000, and 2014, the research calculated the growth rate of sample urban space during each period, and the urban compactness index was then established to divide the urban spatial growth mode into compact type, maintenance type and spread type. The characteristics of spatial growth, population density change, and their relationship were further discussed. The results are as follows:(1)Population density decline is widespread in cities of China and Europe. Population density in cities of China is relatively high, and the rate of decline is fast, whereas population density in cities of Europe is relatively low and the rate of decline is slow. From 1990 to 2014, the growth rate of urban spatial radius in China was significantly higher than that in Europe. There is a strong negative correlation between the growth rate of urban space and the change rate of population density(with a Pearson’s r of-0.693).(2) From 1990 to 2000, most of the sample cities’ spatial growth mode were compact. From 2000 to 2014, most Chinese cities’ spatial growth mode transformed into spread type and rate of population density decline increased. By contrast, European cities’ spatial growth mode maintained to be compact or transformed into maintenance, and the rate of population density decline decreased.(3) Compact spatial growth does not necessarily lead to an increase in population density, but it tends to lower the rate of population density decline, relative to spread spatial growth. The comparative analysis of Chinese and European cities shows that if cities maintain a compact spatial growth mode, the ra
作者
赵睿
焦利民
许刚
徐智邦
董婷
ZHAO Rui;JIAO Limin;XU Gang;XU Zhibang;DONG Ting(School of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shenzhen 518043,China)
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期695-707,共13页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41971368)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604404)
自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室开放基金资助课题(KF-2019-04-036)。
关键词
城市空间增长
人口密度
反S函数
中国
欧洲
urban spatial growth
population density
inverse S-shaped function
China
Europe
