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中国对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应——基于二元边际的视角 被引量:20

Reverse technology spillover effect of China′s outward FDI: A perspective based on dual margin
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摘要 对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出问题备受关注,但现有研究忽略了投资二元边际结构特征的影响。本文借鉴并扩展了LP(2001)的研发溢出测算模型,将ODI获得的总技术溢出效应分解成往期ODI溢出效应和新增ODI溢出效应,后者进一步分解成集约边际溢出效应和扩展边际溢出效应。同时,对不同阶段、不同方式的ODI对母国技术的影响机制进行甄别和阐述,并利用2007-2014年中国30个省域的数据进行实证检验。研究表明:我国对外直接投资具有积极的逆向技术溢出效应,并且往期ODI和新增ODI获得的国外研发资本均对我国的技术创新能力有提升作用,新增ODI中仅扩展边际的投资扩张方式能推动我国技术创新,而集约边际的推动作用不显著。 Traditional foreign direct investment theory holds that only enterprises with high productivity and competitiveness will invest overseas. However, in recent years, the outward foreign direct investment of emerging economies has increased substantially, and the proportion of investment flows in global flows has increased year by year. From 2003 to 2015, China′s outward FDI reached an average annual growth rate of 38.8%, far exceeding the global average. At the same time, China′s innovation capability have also been rapidly improved. The National Innovation Index Report showed that China jumped from 38 th place in 2000 to 18 th place in 2015. The Global Innovation Index′s evaluation of China′s innovation capability was 43 rd in the world in 2010, and entered the top 25 for the first time in 2016. Whether China′s outward FDI has technology-seeking motivation and whether China′s technological innovation capability have benefited from cross-border investment has aroused widespread concern in academia.Although many scholars have carried out a lot of tests on the existence of reverse technology spillover effect of outward FDI, no unified conclusion has been formed so far. Two notions of "significant technology spillover" and "no spillover effect" coexist. For the differences in conclusions, scholars have analyzed from the perspective of sample selection, technology measurement methods, regional characteristics, industry categories and so on. Surprisingly, from the literature we hold, there is currently no scholars to explain it from the perspective of dual margin of investment. In fact, the divergent conclusions may also be due to the neglect of the structural characteristics of outward FDI. Thus, we attempt to decompose the new outward FDI into two investment margins, defining the investment of newly increased overseas enterprises as the extensive margin and the investment of existing ones as the intensive margin, and then explore and compare the reverse technology spillover effects of two different investm
作者 陈培如 冼国明 Chen Peiru;Xian Guoming(National Economy Research Center,Guangdong University of Finance&Economics,Guangzhou 510320,Guangdong,China;Institute of International Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)
出处 《科研管理》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2020年第4期1-10,共10页 Science Research Management
基金 广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目:“全球创新保护下高新技术OFDI企业的技术升级机制研究”(GD19YLJ01,2020.01-2021.12) 广东省软科学面上项目:“全球创新要素视角下粤港澳大湾区跨国企业技术创新机理及其制度保障研究”(2019A101002117,2019.12-2021.11) 广东省教育厅人文社科青年创新人才类项目:“产学研深度融合背景下广东省技术流转与转化机制的创新效应研究”(2018WQNCX038,2019.04-2021.03) 广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目:“收入分配与创新驱动协调发展机制研究”(GD19YLJ02,2019.12-2023.01)。
关键词 对外直接投资 集约边际 扩展边际 逆向技术溢出 outward FDI intensive margin extensive margin reverse technology spillover
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