摘要
"理由与行动是什么关系",这是横跨理由与行动两大领域的一个重要问题。戴维森对此进行了颇具深度与启发的研究,他主张"基本理由是行动的原因"。通过剖析其论证可以得出:第一,戴维森的论证思路是通过基本理由将行动归属于能动者而没有关注理由的激发功能,所以理由心理主义、理由内在主义、动机外在主义等标签并不能表达其本意。第二,"倾向"与"辩护"两种方案无法充分地解释行动,二者各自的合理性没有被戴维森重视,他的因果方案也是不充分的。第三,若要理解戴维森的论证及其对相关批评的回应,还需进入他的其他思想,如"非律则一元论",因为其哲学思想具有整体性与融贯性。
"What is the relationship between reasons and actions?" This is an important issue straddling the two domains of reason and action.Davidson has done a deep and enlightenment research on it.He argues that the primary reasons are the cause of action.According to his analysis, we may summarize three points: firstly, the label of psychologism of reasons, internalism of reasons, and externalism of reasons are not Davidson’s original intention.Because Davidson’s analysis attributes actions to the agent through primary reasons without paying attention to the motivational function of reasons.Secondly, although the "dispositions" and "justifications" cannot adequately explain actions, the rationality of these is not appreciated by Davidson.Thus, his causal plan is not sufficient.Thirdly, to understand Davidson’s argument and his response to relevant criticism, people have to enter his other theories, such as anomalous monism.It reflects the integrity and consistency of Davidson’s thoughts.
作者
李大山
LI Dashan(Department of philosophy,East China Normal University)
出处
《当代中国价值观研究》
2019年第3期20-27,共8页
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“基于虚拟现实的实验研究对实验哲学的超越”(15ZDB016)
教育部人文社科规划基金“实践知性与行动动机”(15YJA720010)的阶段性成果。
关键词
戴维森
基本理由
行动
因果解释
因果关系
Davidson
primary reasons
action
causal explanation
causal relation
