摘要
在第三次全国农作物种质资源普查中,湖北省建始县已有水稻、玉米、马铃薯等254份作物种质资源收入国家作物种质库。分析了建始县1956、1981、2014年的主要粮食作物、果树、蔬菜及经济作物栽培面积、种植方式及产量等变化,发现建始县自然资源丰富,水稻、小麦、油菜等作物地方品种迅速减少甚至消失,其余各类农作物仍保存有一定数量的地方品种甚至以地方品种为主;粮食作物种植总面积有所浮动但比例不大,玉米一直是建始县粮食作物中最重要的作物;果树及主要经济作物种植面积迅速增加且增加幅度大,而蔬菜种植面积严重萎缩。普查中收集到44份地方作物种质资源。建始地方农作物资源丰富但农业基础建设薄弱,农业科技含量低,由此提出了加强现有资源的保护和利用,加快农业新品种的培育和新技术推广应用,科研单位应加强农业技术服务,加大政府扶持与宣传等对策。
In the third national general survey of crop germplasm resources, 254 crop germplasm resources including rice,corn and potato have been collected into the National Bank in Jianshi county of Hubei province. The changes of cultivated area and yield of main food crops, fruit trees, vegetables and cash crops in Jianshi county between 1956, 1981 and 2014 were analyzed. It was found that Jianshi county was rich in natural resources, and the local varieties of rice, wheat and rape reduced rapidly, and some local varieties even have nearly disappeared, but the other kinds of crops still preserved some local varieties and some minor crops were planted mainly with local varieties. The total planting area of food crops changed a little in these three investigations, and corn is the most important food crop in Jianshi all the time. The planting area of fruit trees and main cash crops increased rapidly, but the planting area of vegetables decreased seriously. 44 local resources were collected in the resource investigation. According to the abundant resources of Jianshi county, the weak agricultural infrastructure construction, and the low element of agricultural science and technology, some countermeasures were proposed, such as strengthening the protection and utilization of existing crop resources, accelerating the cultivation of new agricultural varieties and the extension and training of new technologies, strengthening agricultural technology service accelerating the construction of modern agricultural industrialization, increasing government support and propagation.
作者
李三和
李后勤
戴风庭
万正煌
游艾青
焦春海
LI San-he;LI Hou-qin;DAI Feng-ting;WAN Zheng-huang;YOU Ai-qing;JIAO Chun-hai(Food Crops Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasms and Genetic Improvement,Wuhan 430064,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Jianshi County,Jianshi 445300,Hubei,China;Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)
出处
《湖北农业科学》
2020年第4期25-34,共10页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
基金
农业部物种品种资源保护费项目(111721301354052034)
第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-78)。
关键词
农作物
种质资源普查
地方品种
新品种
湖北省建始县
crops
germplasm resources investigation
local varieties
new varieties
Jianshi county in Hubei province
