摘要
目的查明宝鸡市某农村小学1起细菌性痢疾暴发疫情的特点和原因,为以后有效的防控暴发疫情提供参考依据。方法根据暴发调查步骤建立病例定义,于2018年9月7-9日对宝鸡市某农村小学1起细菌性痢疾暴发疫情开展病例搜索和调查,描述病例三间分布,同时对该小学进行卫生学调查,开展病例对照分析,寻找疫情可能的危险因素,对采集的样本开展相关病原学检测。结果本次暴发疫情共搜索到83例病例,罹患率45.60%,均为一~六年级在校学生,学校教职工和食堂工作人员无发病,其中男生、女生罹患率分别为43.66%和46.85%(χ~2=0.18,P>0.05);原因为学生进食了受污染的午餐,学校食堂卫生和环境卫生消毒不彻底;20份粪便和肛拭子标本有7份检出宋内氏志贺杆菌,8份餐具标本有3份检出大肠菌群,4份饮用水有2份菌落总数和总大肠菌群超标。结论本次疫情的可能原因是学生进食了受污染的食物,同时学校食堂卫生较差和环境卫生较差也可能是引起疫情的重要原因,各级监督部门要加大监督检查力度,尤其要做好农村学校秋季开学之际的食堂卫生管理工作,保障农村地区儿童身体健康。
Objective To find out the characteristics and causes of a bacterial dysentery outbreak in a rural primary school of Baoji City,provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of outbreaks in the future. Methods According to the outbreak investigation steps,the case definition was established. On September 7-9,2018,a case search and investigation for a bacterial dysentery outbreak was conducted a rural primary school in Baoji City,to describe the spatial,temporal and population distribution. At the same time,the hygiene investigation was performed in the primary school,and a case-control study was conducted,to find possible risk factors for the epidemic. The relevant pathogen testing was carried out on the collected samples.Results A total of 83 cases were found in this outbreak,and the attack rate was 45.60%. All of them were students in grade 1-6.There were no cases of school faculty and canteen staff. The attack rate of boys and girls was 43.66% and 46.85% (χ~2=0.18,P>0.05).The cause was the students ate the contaminated lunch,and the school canteen sanitation and environmental sanitation were not thoroughly disinfected. Shigella sonnei was detected in 7 of 20 feces and anal swab specimens. Escherichia coli were detected in 3 of 8 tableware specimen. The colonies and total coliforms exceeded the standard in 2 of 4 drinking water samples.Conclusion The possible cause of the epidemic is that students have eaten contaminated food. At the same time,poor sanitation in the school canteen and environment may also be an important cause of the epidemic. Supervision departments at all levels should increase supervision and inspection,especially the health management of rural school canteens at the beginning of the fall,to guarantee the health of children in rural areas.
作者
付海龙
李红兵
何微
胡晓倩
高娟
田辉
严钏元
FU Hai-long;LI Hong-bing;HE Wei;HU Xiao-qian;GAO Juan;TIAN Hui;YAN Chuan-yuan(Department of Infectious Disease Control,Baoji Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Baoji Shaanxi,721006,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2020年第4期552-555,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
农村小学
细菌性痢疾
暴发
Rural primary school
Bacterial dysentery
Outbreak
