摘要
慧琳用晓母字“许”“虚”作“熊”的切上字,涉及匣母是否开始清化等汉语语音史上重要音变等问题。本文考察了慧琳的晓匣分混,以晓匣母尚未按清浊分调为依据,判断慧琳的匣母与晓母仍是一对清浊对立的舌根擦音。慧琳用晓母字切“熊”的原因,一方面是云母已从匣母分立,变成了w而不再与“熊”双声,所以摒弃了《切韵》“羽弓反”之类的反切;另一方面,慧琳的反切上字严格要求等第及开合口与被切字一致,而“熊”字没有三等匣母字可以作切,他又不愿意承用玄应的“胡宫反”等,所以选择了三等晓母的“许”“虚”等声母近似的字来切“熊”。从语料看,慧琳非但匣母没有清化,“熊(雄)”也没有清化。不仅如此,自东晋到晚唐五代,“熊(雄)”的声母一直是浊擦音,从未读过云母w。
In Huilin's Yiqiejing yinyi(一切经音义),the xiao(晓)group characters xu(许)and xu(虚)are found to indicate the initial of xiong(熊).Such an annotation involves many issues on the historical devoicing of the initials of the xia(匣)group.This paper investigates Huilin's differentiation between the initials of the xiao and xia groups,and suggests that the two groups were still velar fricatives with a distinction on voicedness in Huilin's annotations.The reasons why Huilin used xiao group characters to signify the initial of xiong can be that:On one hand,since initials of the yun(云)group had already been separated from the xia group and became the semivowel/w/,they can no longer be used to indicate the initial of xiong;On the other hand,Huilin was strict enough on the choice of characters for Fanqie(反切)so he would not choose a character of a different division.Since Huilin was reluctant to follow Xuanying(玄应)'s annotation but could not find a proper initial in the xia group which belongs to the same division III as xiong,initials of division III in the xiao group were selected instead.From Huilin's annotations it can be seen that the xia group initials were not devoiced.Besides,the initial of xiong(熊/雄)was a voiced fricative which had never been read as/w/from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Five Dynasties.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期274-282,382,383,共11页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目“《经典释文》文献与语言研究”资助。
关键词
熊字读音
浊音清化
特殊反切
慧琳音义
pronunciation of xiong(熊)
devoicing of voiced initials
special methods of Fanqie(反切)
Huilin yinyi(慧琳音义)
