摘要
以草莓品种红颜为试材,在日光温室中进行土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培3种方式的促成栽培,比较不同栽培模式对草莓生长发育以及产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明:半基质栽培和高架栽培的缓苗速度明显比土壤栽培快。在物候期方面,半基质栽培草莓的初果期和盛果期均为最早,土壤栽培最晚。草莓植株长势由强到弱依次为高架栽培、半基质栽培、土壤栽培。土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培春节前每667 m^2产量分别为461.40、587.20、506.80 kg,总产量分别为1873.96、1873.43、1919.42 kg。土壤栽培的草莓果实糖酸比、16种氨基酸总量、VC含量均最高,高架栽培最低。土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培每667 m^2总收入分别为51321.20、55084.60、53592.40元,纯利润分别为12276.95、18149.42、13523.73元,投入产出比分别为1∶1.31、1∶1.49、1∶1.34。综上所述,在日光温室促成栽培草莓时,采用半基质栽培模式早期产量高,经济效益最好;高架栽培模式总产量最高;土壤栽培模式品质最好。
Taking‘Benihoppe’strawberry as test material,this experiment carried out 3 cultivation modes,including soil cultivation,semi-substrate cultivation and viaduct cultivation to promote cultivation in solar greenhouse,and compaired the effects of different cultivation modes on strawberry growth,development and yield,quality and economic benefit.The results indicated that the slow seedling rates of semi-substrate cultivation and viaduct cultivation were obviousely faster than that of soil cultivation.As for phenological phase,the first fruit stage and full fruit stage under semi-substrate cultivation were the earliest,and that of soil cultivation were the latest.The order of plant growth vigour from strong to weak was viaduct cultivation>semi-substrate cultivation>soil cultivation.Before Spring Festival,the yields of soil culture,semi-substrate culture and viaduct cultivation were 6921,8808,7602 kg·hm^-2,respectively.The total yields were 28.1,28.1 and 28.8 t·hm^-2,respectively.The sugar content,sugar-acid ratio,total content of 16 amino acids,and VC contents of fruit cultivated in soil were the highest,and that of fruit cultivated in viaduct cultivation were the lowest.The total incomes in soil cultivation,semi-substrate cultivation and viaduct cultivation were 769818,826269,803886 yuan·hm^-2,and the net profit were 184154,272241,202856 yuan·hm^-2,respectively.The input-output ratio was 1∶1.31,1∶1.49,1∶1.34,respectively.To sum up,when strawberry was cultivated in solar greenhouse,adopting semi-substrate cultivation mode could achieve high yield at the early stage with the best economic benefit.The viaduct cultivation mode could have the highest yield,and the soil cultivation mode had the best quality.
作者
周明源
路河
王红清
ZHOU Ming-yuan;LU He;WANG Hong-qing(Beijing Changping District Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Station,Beijing 102200,China;College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《中国蔬菜》
北大核心
2020年第5期59-64,共6页
China Vegetables
关键词
草莓
半基质栽培
高架栽培
产量
果实品质
Strawberry
Semi-substrate cultivation
Viaduct cultivation
Yield
Fruit quality
