摘要
自1950年至1974年,随着中美远东地缘政治博弈及美国介入印度支那事务的程度之演变,一方面,美国的对华“恐惧”臆想经历了产生、形成、强化和淡化的变化;另一方面,美国也不断调整在中国西沙群岛主权问题上的对策。从表象上看,美国的对策调整呈现出“策略性”回归的特征,即从1950年至1951年的“隐晦排斥”,到50年代中期强化为“强硬抵制”,再到1958年后逐步升级为“常态化威慑”,最后到1969年起逐渐缓和化,并于1972年开始转变为“搁置分歧”“默许中国的主权要求”,进而“坐视”中国于1974年完全收复西沙群岛。质言之,美国调整对策的根本基点是国家战略利益而非意识形态,但其对华“恐惧”臆想之变化对其对策调整有一定的主观推动作用。
The years from 1950 to 1974 witnessed the evolution of the geopolitical game between China and the United States in the Far East,and the degree of the US involvement in Indochina affairs.For one thing,the US as sumptions of fear for China underwent the changes from generation to formation,till intensification and final weak ening.For another,the United States constantly adjusted its countermeasures to the issue of China’s sovereignty over the Xisha Islands.It seemed that the adjustment of US countermeasures showed the feature of“strategic re gression”,starting from the“obscure exclusion”from 1950 to 1951 till the“tough resistance”by the middle 1950s,and the gradual upgrade to“normal deterrence”after 1958.Since 1969,the countermeasures had gradually eased,turning into“setting aside differences”and“accepting China’s sovereignty demands”from 1972 while sit ting by and accepting the fact of China’s complete recovery of the sovereignty of the Xisha Islands in 1974.In fact,the fundamental basis for the adjustment of US countermeasures was the national strategic interests rather than ide ology.However,the transformation of the US assumptions of fear for China played a certain role in promoting the adjustment of its countermeasures subjectively.
作者
蔡梓
CAI Zi(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2020年第2期20-29,共10页
Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA184)。
关键词
西沙群岛
中美关系
冷战
美国对华“恐惧”臆想
the Xisha Islands
China-US relations
the Cold War
the US assumption of fear for China
