摘要
大殿内外槽柱顶端均放置斗拱,被称为木构建筑的铺作层。由于木结构构件在制作过程中,锯、凿、卯、榫使得木构件的强度相应减小,这会成为木结构中极大的弱点,所以古代工匠发明了斗拱在各个结构节点上从一定范围上扩大木构件的承托面积,加强了各个构件之间的结合,增加节点的强度,同时可以利用多跳斗拱来缩短梁枋之间的净跨度,加大梁枋承载力,减小截面面积,从而运用小规格的木材,减轻建筑上部的自重,利于结构自然承载。斗拱相当于在屋架与柱框之间增加了一层柔性垫层,不仅能够满足木结构建筑中各受力部位的应力传承,还能缓冲地震等自然灾害对建筑本身的冲击。而唐代的建筑物斗拱的比例更大,也更为复杂,有力的斗拱和巨大的屋檐,使得整个建筑更加开放和雄伟。
The top of the inner and outer trough columns of the main hall are placed with bucket arches,which are called paving layers of wooden structures.Due to the sawing,chiseling of the wooden structural members in the process of production,the strength of the wooden members is correspondingly reduced,which will become a great weakness in the wood structure,so the ancient craftsmen invented the bucket arch from a certain range on each structural node.Expanding the supporting area of the wooden members,strengthening the combination between the various members,increasing the strength of the joints,and simultaneously using the multi-hop arch to shorten the net span between the beams and rafts,increasing the bearing capacity of the beams and rafts,reducing the sectional area,and thus applying the small size of the wood reduces the weight of the upper part of the building and facilitates the natural bearing of the structure.The bucket arch is equivalent to adding a layer of flexible cushion between the roof truss and the column frame,which can not only meet the stress transmission of the various parts of the wooden structure,but also buffer the impact of natural disasters such as earthquakes on the building itself.In the Tang Dynasty,the proportion of building arches was larger and more complex.The powerful arches and huge eaves made the whole building more open and majestic.
作者
王灿
顾锋
WANG Can;GU Feng(Zhongyifeng Construction Group Co.,Ltd,SuzhouJiangsu 215131 China)
出处
《江苏建筑》
2019年第S02期30-33,共4页
Jiangsu Construction
关键词
加拿大
五台山
仿唐式木构大殿
榫卯结构
Canada
Wutai Mountain
Tang style imitation wooden structure hall
tenon structure
