摘要
行为时间分配是动物对资源获取和风险防御的权衡,受到诸多因素影响。本研究采用目标动物观察法记录了可可西里冬季(交配季)雄性藏羚的行为表现,并将行为分为觅食、警戒、卧息、移动和"其他"5种类型。首先,本文通过对比青藏铁路运营前后两个交配季(2003—2004年建设期和2017—2018年运行期)之间雄性藏羚的行为时间分配差异,探讨青藏铁路的出现对雄性藏羚行为的影响。随后,基于2017—2018年交配季雄性藏羚的行为数据,分析了年龄对其行为时间分配的影响。结果表明:与建设期相比,运营期雄性藏羚的觅食和"其他"行为时间比例明显增加,而警戒和卧息行为时间比例显著降低,这说明铁路稳定运营后对雄性藏羚的影响降低。交配群中成年雄性藏羚的警戒、移动以及"其他"行为中的繁殖行为时间比例显著高于亚成体,而觅食和卧息行为时间比例显著低于亚成体,这与交配群中不同年龄雄性个体所处的地位等级有关。成年雄性藏羚在交配群中占据主导地位,拥有更多配偶资源,增加警戒和移动,减少觅食和卧息有助于其维持交配群的稳定。
The behavioural time budget affected by many factors is a trade-off between the resources acquisition and the risk defense in animals.During mating seasons, behaviours of male Tibetan antelopes(Pantholops hodgsonii) were observed by the focal animal sampling in Kekexili National Nature Reserve, and all behaviours were divided into five categories, foraging, vigilance, resting, moving and ‘others’.By comparing differences in the behavioural time budget between before(2003-2004 mating season) and after(2017-2018 mating season) the operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, We discussed effects of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on the behaviours in male Tibetan antelopes.Then, the effects of age on the behavioural time budget in male Tibetan antelopes were analyzed based on the data obtained during 2017-2018 mating season.According to our results, male Tibetan antelope spent more time on foraging and ‘others’ and less time on vigilance and resting after the operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which indicated that the male Tibetan antelopes have gradually adapted to the emergence of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.Due to different roles in mating groups, adult males owned more females than subadults and should maintain the stability of mating groups by increasing the vigilance and moving and decreasing the foraging and resting.
作者
苗紫燕
吴彤
陈佳萍
王东
李宏奇
连新明
MIAO Ziyan;WU Tong;CHEN Jiaping;WANG Dong;LI Hongqi;LIAN Xinming(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Environmental Engineering Assessment Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810007,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Xining 810001,China)
出处
《兽类学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期135-142,共8页
Acta Theriologica Sinica
基金
青海省应用基础研究计划项目(2017-ZJ-724)
国家自然科学基金(30900167)
青海省重大专项“三江源区代表性动物基因资源保护和利用”项目
中国科学院“西部之光”青年学者A类项目。
关键词
青藏铁路
交配季
雄性藏羚
行为时间分配
年龄
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway
Mating season
Male Tibetan antelope
Behavioural time budget
Age
