摘要
海上运输习惯在海上运输活动中占据重要的位置,不仅对航运实务操作具有重要的指导作用,更是司法实践中解决海事海商纠纷的重要依据。遗憾的是,《海商法》第268条第2款仅仅在涉外法律关系的适用中规定了国际惯例的补缺适用。这样的立法思路与改革开放初期国内运输市场浓厚的计划经济色彩相吻合,但在新近的《海商法(修订征求意见稿)》中继续维持这一规定的做法,既不符合海商法特殊的立法精神,也未能在民商合一的背景之下紧跟《民法总则》的步伐赋予习惯以法源地位,使海上运输习惯无法适用于国内运输。因此,应当在《海商法》的修订中打破国内国际海上运输法律适用壁垒,明确赋予海上运输习惯一般法律渊源的地位,使其优先于一般法适用。这样才能体现海商法的国际性和中国海商立法的科学性和时代性,为中国建设海事司法中心服务。
Maritime transportation customs occupy an important position in maritime transportation activities,not only playing an important guiding role in the practical operation of shipping,but also being an important basis for resolving maritime disputes in judicial practice.Regrettably,Article 268,paragraph 2 of the Chinese Maritime Code only provides for the application of international practice in foreign-related legal relationship.Such legislative ideas are consistent with the strong planned economy of the domestic transportation market in the early days of reform and opening up,but the practice of maintaining this regulation in the Chinese Maritime Code(Revised Draft)is not in conformity with the special legislative spirit of the Chinese Maritime Code,nor is it able to keep up with the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China under the background of the civil-commercial combination.Rather,it makes it impossible for maritime transport customs to be applied to domestic transport.Therefore,in the revision of the Chinese Maritime Code,the applicable barriers between domestic and international maritime transport laws should be broken,and the status of the general legal source of maritime transport customs should be clearly defined,giving priority to the application of general law.In this way,we can embody the internationality of maritime law and the scientific and time-oriented nature of China’s maritime legislation,and serve our country to deepen reform and opening-up and deeply participate in the legal rules of international trade and transportation.
作者
袁发强
南迪
YUAN Fa-qiang;NAN Di(School of International Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)
出处
《中国海商法研究》
2020年第1期83-93,共11页
Chinese Journal of Maritime Law
关键词
海上运输习惯
法律渊源
国际惯例
maritime transport customs
source of law
international practice
