摘要
全球互联网嵌入并延续着传统、现代、后现代相混杂的政治经济格局。在此不均衡性和非代表性的基础上,美国主导的治理方案却指向全球同一的、非领土性、割裂国家与集体权利有机联系的政治体。所导致的结果是,既有制度安排内部不断涌现话语和观念之争。始于2008年的全球数字化衰退更是激化之于国家角色的想象嬗变与实践裂变。这使得何为国家复归、国家为何复归、国家如何复归成为"后美国时代"互联网治理领域的冲突焦点。本文在技术与国家两个层面提出理论进路:(1)从媒介本体论转向社会-技术复合体概念,以此打破治理讨论的绝对化思维,扩大本土模式的去标签化空间;(2)借鉴战后马克思主义国家理论,正视"互联网中的国家"以及国家之于传播关系、传播资源、传播制度的复杂性和流动性角色。本文认为,"以人民为中心"和"人类命运共同体"为价值标准和行动准星的国家复归,是服务于在全球范围内建设和完善中国特色社会主义的时代性手段与历史性步骤。从实践环境、治理目标与道德内涵角度,中国推动主权模式毋宁说是开放式的,是以国家为基石的多利益攸关方机制。因此,如何调用中外马克思主义理论资源,进一步推动和完善开放式网络主权与新型的多边模式具有重要意义。
This paper outlines common but contested ties between states and the internet,especially the return of states and sovereignty to the realm of internet governance during the post-2008 crisis of the American-led liberal global order.Using"post-American era"as a heuristic framework for uncovering alternative proposals and emergent arrangements,this paper argus that,the Chinese internet research should conceptualize,on the one hand,the internet as a socio-technical assemblage,and on the other,the state as co-constituting with social forces,in order to contest the binary constructs between material and virtual,state and market,liberal and authoritarian,national and international,and,ultimately,Chinese and global.In the case of China,this paper suggests that the cyber sovereignty model is predicated on an inclusive yet interventionist relationship with the networks of nonstate stakeholders.Looking forward,it proposes using Marxian theories to further develop open sovereignty and bottom-up multilateralism in global internet governance,which would balance the indispensable role of states,on the one hand,and learning and participatory processes that involve nonstate stakeholders,on the other.
作者
洪宇
HONG Yu(Institute of Communication Research,and the vice director of the Public Diplomacy and Strategic Communication Research Center at the College of Media and International Culture,Zhejiang University)
出处
《国际新闻界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期6-27,共22页
Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication
基金
国家社科基金项目《国家网络治理与中国互联网全球化协同研究》(18AXW009)的研究成果。
关键词
互联网治理
国家理论
网络地域政治
国家与传播
社会性治理
Internet governance
State theory
Geopolitics of information
Communication society
Social governmence
