摘要
明清叙事文学中应灾、御灾行为及心理书写,体现出多重意义:一是被灾者消极索赈,缺少自救意识,而投机者趁灾敛财,更使社会进入丛林法则的强力循环中。二是聚众闹赈、骗赈与纠集团伙“逃荒”恶俗,寄生依赖心态成为应灾的“潜意识”反应。三是无恒产、无恒心的食客心态,使“换工自救”模式难以有效实行;缺乏科学合理的应对饥饿观念,使救饥药剂也因饥民虚弱体质而致命。遽饱而死的悲剧,不仅与体制及管理不善有关,也与灾民素质及群体习性分不开。文学文本的御灾民俗书写,还揭示了恶势力集团网罗民众,无灾也外出的“逃荒”恶习,有着国民性改造的认识价值。
The writing of disaster response,prevention behaviors and mentality in narrative literature in Ming and Qing dynasty embodied multiple significance.Firstly,the victims passively sought to be rescued lacking of self-saving consciousness,while the speculators took advantage of the disaster to collect money and brought the society into a cycle of the law of the jungle.Secondly,the parasitic dependence mentality became a“subconscious”response to disasters,like gathering a crowd to make disturbances,cheating in disaster,and mobilizing groups to“escape famine”.Thirdly,the parasite mentality of no property and no perseverance kept the mode of self-saved by exchanging labor from carrying out effectively.Lack of scientific and reasonable ideas for coping with hunger made the anti-hunger drug fatal due to famine refugees’fragile health.The tragedy of getting full fast to death was not only related to system and poor management,but cannot separate from victims’quality and group propensities.The writing of disaster prevention custom in literary texts also revealed the evil practice that evil force netted the public to flee from famine in spite of no disasters,which had cognitive value of national trait reconstruction.
出处
《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期52-59,共8页
Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社科基金后期资助项目“明清灾害叙事、御灾策略及民间信仰研究”(17FZW012)阶段性成果。
关键词
明清文学
御灾民俗
应灾心态
消极索赈
换工自救
Ming and Qing literature
folk custom of disaster prevention
disaster response mentality
passively sought to be rescued
the mode of self-saved by exchanging labor
