摘要
吴语中存在后置副词状语,可以用信息测试、删除、包孕、带宾等手段界定其外延。这类状语有表示“程度高、再次、重新、次序在前、即将”五类,当主要是南方少数民族语言的底层现象。由于相邻方言接触尤其是官话的影响,这一现象发生了“同类后置状语的叠置或叠合、同义前置状语的叠置、构成框式状语、后置状语虚化为语气词或被淘汰”等变异。地域上由西南而东北,后置状语在吴语各片逐渐减少甚至消亡,从共时层面反映出向前置状语演变的历程。
By means of testing on pragmatic,semantic and syntactic levels,this paper clarifies the definition of postverbal adverbials in Wu(吴)dialects,and classifies them into 5 subcategories which denote high degree,addition,repetition,temporal priority,and near future respectively.By comparing the postverbal adverbials in Wu dialects with those in other southern dialects,it is suggested that these postverbal adverbials in Wu dialects preserved the archaic postverbal adverbials in languages of southern ethnic minorities.Due to the contact with adjacent dialects and influence from modern Mandarin,preverbal adverbials also started to occur in Wu dialects.They may appear solely in some subdialects or occur in combination with postverbal adverbials in some other subdialects.Some postverbal adverbials were even grammaticalized into particles or eventually disappeared in certain subdialects.Geographically speaking,the number of postverbal adverbials in Wu dialects gradually declines from the southeast,and finally drops to zero in the northeast.Such synchronic variation and distribution of postverbal adverbials reflect the diachronic shift from postverbal adverbials to preverbal adverbials in Wu dialects.
作者
汪化云
姜淑珍
WANG Huayun;JIANG Shuzhen
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期175-187,255,共14页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“方言接触视域中的杭州话语法研究”(16BYY037)
国家社科基金重大项目“600年来赣语与官话互动的历史追踪、现状调查与数据库建设”(18ZDA297)的阶段性成果。
关键词
后置状语
界定
分布
来源
演变
postverbal adverbial
definition
distribution
origin
evolution
